The paper will show both positive and negative results that relate to the author's own insights and individualization. This paper will also discuss the criticisms of this theory and the individuals need for self-actualization. Along with this discussion will be a brief description of two of the influential founders of this theory. Humanistic theory is a theory of its own caliber and has raised the standard in psychoanalysis and behaviorism while focusing more realistically on human behavior. Humanistic psychology is young compared to the age of other approaches and theories, but very different in the basis that the approach focuses on individual control and free will or choices and steers away from the ideas that all human behavior is based around pleasure.
The set guidelines of existential philosophers are often vague; consequently there is apparent perplexity around the values, beliefs and practices. Also there are also many forms of therapeutic practices within existential perspective hence it is more diverse than most. A way to appreciate existential therapies is to understand the focus is on client responsibility and freedom. Humanistic like existential psychotherapies includes several approaches; however the focus is on acceptance and growth towards client’s awareness. Humanists believe that human nature is mostly positive.
While Ethical Naturalists believe it holds great importance as it can convey facts and help us to understand ethical theories, there are those who strongly disagree with this. For example Intuitionists, such as Moore, believe that our intuition is more useful when wanting to know how to act morally than knowing the definitions of ethical terms. Although Non-Cognitive theories disagree with the factual content of ethical statements, it is clear that they still see some significance in ethical language. However rather than seeing it as facts, they accept that morality is subjective and suggest that the importance of ethical language is provided by the emotions conveyed in the phrases used. Perhaps more so than Emotivists, Prescriptivists see ethical language as fairly meaningful.
Behaviorism and cognitivism have many different similarities and differences Behaviorism is the idea that psychology is a study of external behavior rather than mental. Whereas, cognitive is based on the thought process behind the behavior. It also looks at how we think, remember and, solve problems. Behaviorist focus on the relationship between a situation but cognitivist looks more at how we process the situation. Behaviorist also focus more on how we act rather than our brain and nervous systems, they don’t take mental processes into consideration.
By Nurfatehah The idiographic and nomothetic approaches are often regarded as representing opposing and conflicting positions about how best to study people. The idiographic approach aims for empathetic understanding while the nomothetic approach try and establish general laws based on cause and effect relationships. The idiographic approach focuses on the individual and recognises the uniqueness of the person in terms of their experiences, feelings, developmental history, aspirations and motivations in life, and the values and the moral code by which they live. This approach is also concerned with the private, subjective, and unique aspects of the individual. The idiographic approach tends to use methods that are qualitative.
Another difference with the two is that sociology uses survey and correlational research mostly but social psychology understands the importance of experimental research as well (Myers, 2010). However, clinical psychology relies heavily on experimental research just like social psychology in order to verify hypotheses. Than general psychology or known as personality psychology is different than social psychology because they focus on the individual instead of the impact that people have on each other. In order to sum everything up sociology would be on the left for social psychology because of the focus on social interactions, clinical psychology would be to the right of social psychology because of their use of experimental research, and personality psychology would be in the main of social psychology because both want an understanding of people as
Associate Level Material Appendix C Psychotherapy Matrix Directions: Review Module 36 of Psychology and Your Life. Select three approaches to summarize. Include examples of the types of psychological disorders appropriate for each therapy. |Psychodynamic Approach |Behavioral Approach |Cognitive Approach | |Summary of |This form of therapy tries to bring unresolved past |This approach assumes that both normal and abnormal |This approach tries to teach people to think in more | |Approach |conflicts from the unconscious to the conscious, where the|behaviors are learned. This form of therapy builds on a |adaptive ways by changing their dysfunctional cognitions | | |patient can deal with the problems.
Psychotherapy on the other hand, is generally a longer term which focuses more on gaining an insight into chronic physical and emotional problems. It's focus is on the patient's thought processes rather than specific problems. Conclusion According to this article, specialties of counseling and clinical psychology had evolved, and at times, their paths of development are linked. Psychologists are looking for ways to apply the findings of psychological science to the problems people are
The weaknesses could be their belief in free will is in opposition to the deterministic laws of science or the issues they investigate, such as consciousness and emotion, are amongst the most difficult to objectively study. In counselling I believe there is a higher chance to address individual’s needs as client centered therapy works on a one to one basis. This specifically enables the individual services users’ needs to be met. To enable client centered therapy I believe a good counsellor is needed without a judgmental approach. Also the service provider is needed to have empathy and know how to sympathise with the client.
Ellis, whose work was influenced by Alfred Adler & behaviourists John Dollard & Joseph Wolpe, began developing what is now known as Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT). His model was based on the philosophy that our perception of what is happening, affects us more greatly than the actual events themselves. Psychiatrist Aaron Beck also began looking at how our behaviour is determined by attitudes & assumptions derived from previous experiences & how these could be a block to behavioural therapy on its own. He began to develop his own model using techniques that amalgamated both behavioural & cognitive therapy, which he called Cognitive Therapy. This model has evolved into what we now recognise as CBT.