The Trachea continues to divide inside the lungs forming narrower tubes called the Bronchioles. In each end of these Bronchioles are groups of alveoli (air sacs). It is in the Alveoli where gas exchange actually occurs. Oxygen can either enter through the nose or in the mouth. When we inhale, the oxygen enters through our nose or mouth then it gathers it in the Pharynx (throat) then it is passed down in the trachea then it flows down your bronchioles and finally down the alveoli.
The bag is then inflated until the air pressure in the cuff overcomes the arterial pressure and obliterates the arterial lumen. This is confirmed by palpating the radial pulse that disappears when the cuff-pressure is raised above the arterial pressure. The pressure is then raised further by 20 mm Hg and then slowly reduced. When the pressure in the cuff reaches just below the arterial pressure, blood escapes beyond the occlusion in to the peripheral part of the artery and the pulse starts reappearing. This is detected by the appearance of sound heard in the stethoscope and pressure at which the sounds are first heard is the systolic pressure.
Respiratory System Function of the Respiratory System The function of the respiratory system is to transport air into the lungs and to facilitate the diffusion of Oxygen into the blood stream. Its also receives waste Carbon Dioxide from the blood and exhales it. The respiratory system consists of the following structures, divided into the upper and lower respiratory tracts: Upper Respiratory Tract Mouth, nose & nasal cavity: The function of this part of the system is to warm, filter and moisten the incoming air Pharynx: Here the throat divides into the trachea (wind pipe) and oesophagus (food pipe). There is also a small flap of cartilage called the epiglottis which prevents food from entering the trachea Larynx: This is also known as the voice box as it is where sound is generated. It also helps protect the trachea by producing a strong cough reflex if any solid objects pass the epiglottis.
The serous membrane lines the cavities in the body that secrete fluids such as the lungs, heart, stomach, and intestines. The serous membrane is made up of a thin layer or mesothelium covering connective tissue. If the serous membrane got damaged the organs in your body would have a hard time doing their jobs. The fourth and final type of membrane is in charge for surrounding the synovial joints such as the hips, knees, elbows
Nasogastric tube also bypasses the lower esophageal sphincter and permits reflux. Dry mucous membranes and thick secretions is another complication. This is seen in patients with extended use of noninvasive ventilation. To prevent this from occurring, humidification for noninvasive ventilation devices should be provided along with daily oral care. Another complication that occurs is aspiration of gastric contents, especially if emesis occurs during noninvasive ventilation.
To understand completely the importance of inserting chest drains, when required, we have to look closely at the entire mechanism of breathing. When breathing, the diaphragm descends and contracts, while the lower ribs move upwards and outwards, and the upper ribs and sternum move upwards and forwards. This process allows oxygenation of haemoglobin in the red blood cells. Across the NHS there are two types of chest drains, each with its particularities and ease of use. The first one is the Heimlich device, which consists in a rubber one-way flutter valve connected to a standard bottle.
The cough reflex has both sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent) components. Pulmonary irritant receptors (cough receptors) in the epithelium of the respiratory tract are sensitive to both mechanical and chemical stimuli. Stimulation of the cough receptors by dust or other foreign particles produces a cough, which is necessary to remove the foreign material from the respiratory tract before it reaches the lungs. A long drawn and deep inhalation followed by a complete closure of the glottis, which results in a strong exhalation that suddenly punches the glottis open and sends a blast of air through the upper respiratory passages. C) Which structures found in the terminal bronchioles and alveoli normally would protect Cari’s lungs from infectious pathogens and particulate matter?
The outer layer is the epidermis. The dermis is in the middle and fat forms the innermost layer. Blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, oil glands and sweat glands are located in the dermis. The major function of skin is to provide a barrier between you
Unlike the rectum above it, the canal is liberally supplied by somatic sensory nerves, so that a poorly directed finger or instrument will produce pain. The rectum begins at the termination of the sigmoid colon about 12 cm from the anal verge .Two muscle bundles, known as the internal and external anal sphincters, participate in defecation. The internal anal sphincter is an enlargement of the circular smooth muscle of the colon and functions involuntarily. The external anal sphincter consists of striated muscle bands under the voluntary control of the puborectalis muscle. The rectum has the same innervation as the bladder; the hypogastric nerves innervate the internal anal sphincter, and the internal pudendal nerve (S3–S4) operates the external anal sphincter.
Due to perforated inter-auricular septum blood in the auricle is mixed blood. *Right auricle receives venous blood from sinus venosus while leftauriclereceives oxygenated blood frompulmonary vein. *Auricles openinto ventricle by auriculo-ventricular aperture provided with auriculo-ventricular cushion which act as incomplete inter-ventricular septum. It helps in opening and closing of auriculo-ventricular aperture by its raising and lowering movement. *Ventricle is undivided which leads into conus