Individuals do this to make the pain go away which ultimately they really just defense mechanisms (Gottdiener, Murawski, & Kucharski, 2008). “According to psychoanalytic conflict theory, defense mechanisms are activated when the individual experiences any form of displeasure, especially anxiety or depressive affect” (Brenner, 1982). Failures of ego control are related to individuals with substance use disorders. “Ego control refers to the efforts of the individual to control thoughts, emotions, impulses and ability to perform tasks and attention processes” (Baumeister & Vohs, 2004, p. 2). The article also addresses the result of consistent failures in ego control.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) can be used to treat people with a wide range of mental health problems. CBT is based on the idea that how we think (cognition), how we feel (emotion) and how we act (behavior) all interact together. Specifically, our thoughts determine our feelings and our behavior. Therefore, negative - and unrealistic - thoughts can cause us distress and result in problems. When a person suffers with psychological distress, the way in which they interpret situations becomes skewed, which in turn has a negative impact on the actions they take.
The idea behind this was to use 'talking therapy' to bring past memories from the unconscious to the conscious. The unconscious is when you are doing or thinking something without being alert or aware that you are doing it. Along the idea of the unconscious Freud also developed the concept of the ID, the Ego and the Superego. The id is described as an impulsive, selfish side to our personality which is ruled by a pleasure principle, the superego is the moral part of our personality which recognises right from wrong; and our ego is the part of our mind which tries to rationalise and arbitrate both sides of our thoughts. Freud believed that there were two main causes of abnormality in general.
What is ‘Attributional’ therapy in your own words (5) 1 Cognitive Behavioural Therapy is a form of psychotherapy developed from a combination of cognitive therapy and behavioural therapy. The aim of CBT is to change unhealthy/faulty thinking and behaviours. The approach is based on the idea that our thoughts cause our feelings and the resulting behaviours rather than external events. By identifying and challenging unhealthy or faulty thinking patterns and beliefs the thinking patterns can be replaced by more rational and healthy alternatives. 2 CBT can be used with many different problem areas including depression, anxiety, anger and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS).
Describe and evaluate the psychodynamic approach Psychodynamic psychologists assume that our behaviour is determined by unconscious forces of which we are unaware. Each manifest (surface) thought, utterance or behaviour hides a latent(hidden) motive or intention. The latent motives for our behaviour reflect our instinctive biological drives and our early experiences, particularly before the age of five. Most particularly, it is the way we are treated by our parents as children that shapes our adult behaviour. Sigmund Freud developed an approach on abnormality that highlighted how human personality and psychosexual development in childhood can cause abnormality.
The fear can be generalised to other similar stimulus (e.g. the rabbit, dog, mask etc.) 2. No withdrawal rights- the conditioned fear response may be acquired through classical conditioning and may be strong in young kids. In this activity I have learned that classical conditioning a child to fear something at such a young age, can impact how they live the rest of their lies, whether they limit themselves from the stimulus or face their artificial fear To investigate f fear can be obtained through
POTENTIAL DANGERS OF PSYCHOLOGY 1 Potential Dangers of Psychology Jessica Bridgeman Brookline College POTENTIAL DANGERS OF PSYCHOLOGY 2 Psychology is a great tool to help determine why one performs the actions they do and help an individual with any psychological problems they may have, but just like anything else psychology does have dangers. Psychologists sometimes use their knowledge to their full extent. They can over medicate a patient, manipulate their thought process, declare an individual to be clinically insane whether they may or may not be, etc. There have been news reports of psychologists performing psychotherapy in order to rape their patient without the patient’s knowledge, and prescribing unnecessary medication to their patients that end up having an effect on their daily lives. There is a great movie that just appeared in theater called Side Effects starring Rooney Mara, Channing Tatum, Jude Law, Catherine Zeta-Jones, and Vinessa Shaw.
Behaviourists are convinced that behaviour is determined by conditioning and this can be reinforced by positive or negative rewards. Positive rewards will ensure that the behaviour will be repeated while negative rewards will lead to ceasing of that behaviour. The early behaviourists were even claiming that if given neutral youngsters they would be able to mould them into ways of behaving suited for a particular purpose. It is here where psychoanalysts would argue that human behaviour cannot be measured or just reduced to stimulus response. Both behaviourists and psychoanalysts would deny the existence of a free will.
PHILOSOPHICAL PRINCIPLES & KEY CONCEPTS Aaron T. Beck developed his approach known as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy as a result of his work and observations with depressed clients. C.B.T. is based on fundamental assumptions that our thoughts can and do determine how we feel and behave in relation to events in our everyday lives and our environment. Beck contends that psychological problems or dysfunctional behaviour can occur as a result of faulty or distorted thinking and through engaging and employing C.B.T. techniques we can change or modify the way we think, to cause us to feel and act better even if our external situations and events do not change.
The Role that Behaviour Therapy Principals have to play in Clinical Hypnosis A. The Principals in Behaviour Therapy Behaviour therapy is an approach to psychotherapy based on learning theory which aims at treating psychopathology through well defined and specific techniques developed to reinforce desired behaviour and eliminate undesired behaviour.1 By nature, behavioural therapies are considered empirical and evidence based (data-driven), contextual (focused on the environment and context), functional (interested in the effect or consequence a behaviour ultimately acquired), probabilistic (viewing behaviour as statistically predictable), mechanistic (rejecting mind-body dualism and treating a person as a unit), relational (analyzing bidirectional interactions) as well as reductionist.2 It could be said that the behaviour therapy is based upon the principles of classical conditioning pioneered by Ivan Pavlov while operant conditioning was developed by B.F.Skinner. According to B.F. Skinner’s work and experiments in operant conditioning; behaviour can be systematically and consistently changed by altering the consequences. Although his work was done mostly in laboratory, his principles have been extended to behaviour in animal and human as well. Indeed there are plenty real life examples of operant conditioning.