The cytoplasm is also where nutrients are absorbed and processed and is where many chemical reactions take place. Cytoplasm This is a semi-fluid material likened to a gel. It holds together the organelles, apart from the nucleus of the cell and supports the cells structure to make it possible for molecules to be transported. The cytoplasm is also where nutrients are absorbed and processed and is where many chemical reactions take place. Mitochondrion Mitochondria are concerned with energy release.
| | | A) | endoplastic reticulum | | | B) | microtubules | | | C) | cytoplasm | | | D) | mitochondria | | | | | | Feedback: The cell's chemical processes take place in a semifluid material called the cytoplasm. This material provides an ideal environment for organelles because of its fluidity. | | 7 CORRECT | | This shows an example of endoplasmic reticulum. What is the significance of its structure? | | | A) | provides a location for DNA production | | | B) | helps decrease surface area | | | C) | allows selective permeability of cell membrane | | | D) | facilitates breakdown of chemical bonds | | | | | | Feedback: The pleats and folds of the endoplasmic reticulum provides a large surface area where cellular functions, such as breaking chemical bonds, can take place.
An example of shapes fitting together in biology is with enzymes and their substrates. Enzymes are very important for organisms, as they are biological catalysts, which can speed up the rate of reaction of a biological process. The enzyme does this by forming an enzyme substrate complex with the substrate. Each enzyme has a specific shape to one type of substrate and in order for the complex to form both the enzymes active site and the substrate need to be complementary. This is known as the lock and key model.
In this task I will outline the functions of the main cell components. Which consists of the Cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (smooth and rough), golgi apparatus and lysosome. Cells are the structural and functional units of all living organisms. Cells can take in nutrients, change these nutrients into energy and can carry out particular functions, and reproduce them if needed. Mitochondria Mitochondria Nucleus Nucleus Lysosome Lysosome Golgi apparatus Golgi apparatus Cell membrane Cell membrane Endoplasmic reticulum (Smooth and rough) Endoplasmic reticulum (Smooth and rough) Cytoplasm Cytoplasm Cell Membrane A cell membrane of the cell.
There are many molecules within cells and organisms that must have complimentary shapes that fit together in order for them to carry out their function. One type of molecule for which this is extremely important is enzymes. There are two models that demonstrate how this may work, the first of which is the lock and key model in which the substrate and enzyme binding site have complimentary shapes so that the substrate or subtrates fit perfectly into the enzyme, which joins or separates them. The second model, the induced fit model, is similar, however the enzyme moulds its shape to match the substrate. There are many processes in which it is important that these shapes fit, for example DNA helicase, RNA polymerase and DNA polymerase must all have the correct shape in order for DNA strands to separate, mRNA to form and DNA to then rejoin during polypeptide synthesis.
1. Outline the most important functions of the cells. Cells have a number of important functions & these are as follows: They carry out growth & repair, the cell absorbs nourishment, it is capable of reproduction by dividing, it carries out excretion of waste products. Some specialist cells also have the power of movement. Cells are also capable of communication (hormones from endocrine gland cells & neurotransmitters from nerve cells binding to receptors) & defence (proteins – antibodies, bind to harmful substances – antigens & carry out actions to make them harmless.
In plants, microfibers form through parallel aligned chains of Cellulose bound by hydrogen bridges formed by the hydroxyl groups of glucose. These microfibers form superimposed layers of cellulose, with other fibers running at 90 degrees in multiple layers. With this layout, the cell wall of plants is very rigid, allowing the plant to gain form and structure, whilst still having some elasticity for varying levels of plant tugor pressure. The fibers are further cross-linked by hemicellulose. The cell wall protects the cell's plasma membrane.
BIO 5 June 12 essay 10a The importance of shapes fitting together in cells and organisms Plan- • Enzymes - lock and key model, induced fit, specific complementary shapes, digestion of lactose, restriction enzyme in DNA • RuBP binding with CO2 in light dependent reaction of photosynthesis • Muscles - contraction, sliding filament theory • Blood and oxygen - inhibitors blood glucose receptors on cell surface membrane Essay- There are numerous examples of of the importance of shapes fitting together in cells and organisms. For example ; within enzymes, DNA, photosynthesis, muscle contraction, and receptors. Enzymes are used in every aspect of biology to catalysts a reaction. As they bind to substrate molecules which have a specific complementary shape to the enzyme, to form enzyme-substrate complexes and finally the enzyme and the product. There are many models of enzymes, such as the lock and key model, which explores the structure of the enzyme and its ability to bind with a substrate molecule which is specific and complementary.
Hemoglobin will pick up oxygen when it passes through the lungs so it can deliver the oxygen to all of the tissues in order to maintain the health and viability of those cells. Hemoglobin is created by two similar proteins which will stick together. Both proteins must be present in order for the hemoglobin to pick up and release oxygen. Just like with all proteins, the makeup of hemoglobin is found in DNA. Four genes contain the code which defines the alpha protein, or alpha chain, whereas two other genes define the code for the beta chain.
In addition, all cells can maintain their boundaries, metabolize, digest nutrients, and dispose wastes. 3.Identify the following cell parts: Plasma membrane - external boundary of cell; regulates flow of materials into and out of the cell; site of cell signaling Lysosome - contains digestive enzymes of many varieties; "suicide sac' of the cell mitochondria - scattered throughout the cell; major site of ATP synthesis Microvilli - slender extensions of the plasma membrane that increase its surface area Inclusions - stored glycogen granules, crystals, pigments, and so on Golgi apparatus - membranous system consisting of flattened sacs and vesicles; packages protein for export Nucleus - control center of the cell; necessary for cell division and cell life Centrioles - two rod-shaped bodies near the nucleus; direct formation of the mitotic spindle Nucleolus - dense, darkly staining nuclear body; packaging site for ribosomes Microfilaments - contractile elements of the cytoskeleton Rough ER or endroplasmic reticulum - membranous system; involved in intracellular transport of proteins and synthesis of membrane lipids Ribosomes - attached to membrane systems or scattered in the