F.) Reestablishing oxygen flow to his body is so important because oxygen is required by cells to produce ATP, energy currency of the cell and without it homeostasis can shut down. If oxygen was not
1. Cardiovascular System is a complex network of the heart, blood vessels and blood. Its job is to deliver nutrients to the human body and remove excretory products from the body parts, it’s also protects the human body against infections, distribution of heat. At the centre of the cardiovascular system is the heart, a four chambered pump that dispenses blood to the arteries. The arteries carry nutrients and oxygenated blood to the body’s tissues.
Joseph’s Story Case Study B. Assuming Joseph’s heart has stopped, what cellular processes and membrane functions are going to be affected by the loss of oxygen, blood glucose, and waste removal? ATP will not be produced once the heart stops. Blood with oxygen and glucose will stop moving the cells along therefore the cellular process and membrane functions affected would be mitochondrion with the site of aerobic cellular respiration reactions that make most of the cell’s ATP. Without respiration, the cells cannot produce waste which is the carbon dioxide.
Plasma carries food from the stomach to cells but carries waste from the cells to the kidneys and intestine. The body needs lots of haemoglobin because it will combine with the gases; oxygen and carbon dioxide. The red cells carry the oxygen in the arteries and capillaries to cells of the body. One function of the blood is to transport materials within plasma and hemoglobin around the body. Plasma contains hormones, nutrients and waste substances.
How would the breakdown of the membranes of these structures affect the function of Joseph’s heart cells? All intracellular organelles have membranes as part of their structure except ribosomes. The breakdown of these membranes affect the function of the heart because the lack of ATP has affected the plasma membrane pumps and stopped the moving of the ATPase calcium from the cytosol to the endoplasmic reticulum of the cardiac muscle. As the calcium level rice the protease spill into the interior of the cell which attacks the cytoskeleton, causing enzymes to eat away at the membranes. Queston D: Two important pieces of information-the instructions of Joseph’s body needs to repair itself and his predisposition for vascular disease- are both contained within the cell on which structures?
The breakdown of the membranes of these structures affect the function of the heart because the special calcium ATPase’s had stopped moving calcium from the cytosol into the endoplasmic reticulum of his cardiac muscle cells. As the intracellular calcium levels rose, they caused proteases to spill into the interior of the cell, attacking the cytoskeleton. Lysosomal enzymes normally bound safely inside vesicles begin to digest the plasma membranes of the organelles. Question D: Two important pieces of information—The instructions Joseph’s body needs to repair itself and his predisposition for vascular disease—are both contained within the cell on which structures? His predisposition for vascular disease is held in the Mitochondrial DNA.
Supplying enough energy to support the many functions of the body at work and play is one of the chief functions of food. This energy comes from the fats, carbohydrates, and proteins in the food you eat. Without energy stored in our bodies- our bodies would not function. It is required for the molecules to move in and out of the cells, for breaking down large molecules and also foe building new ones. The role of energy in our body consists of the breakdown of large, complex molecules to the simplest form to release energy, this is called catabolism.
Aerobic metabolism fuels most of the energy needed for long duration activity. It uses oxygen to convert nutrients (carbohydrates, fats, and protein) to ATP. This happens in the mitochondria of the muscle cells it differs from the other two energy systems, as it requires oxygen to resythesize ATP. The aerobic energy system produces the largest amount of energy but it is mainly at its lowest intensity. When we start an exercise our bodies cannot deliver oxygen to the muscles fast enough therefore it heavily relying on the anaerobic processes for the initiating actions.
According to proponents of L-Carnitine, it is the essential amino acid in the optimum fat burning process. They believe that carnitine is to the human body, what a turbo mechanism is to a car: both provide optimal fuel and performance. Minus L-carnitine, fatty acids would have a difficult time permeating the walls of the mitochondria. Energy, stored in carbohydrates and fats, is required to work the muscle. Carbohydrates are converted from glucose to glycogen, to be stored in liver and muscle cells.
Provide a brief explanation based on how the heart functions. Overtime when the fatty residues start building up on the arterial wall or this is called hardening of the arteries, this leaves little movement for the blood to flow through the arteries and to the heart. This blood is important because it contains oxygen and nutrients that are to go to the body’s tissues. If atherosclerosis begins in a coronary artery, blood is unable to flow correctly or not at all to the heart. This can cause the heart to stop pumping which then a person will endure a heart attack.