But, Anne was Henry’s second wife which has never been a “normal” thing. Henry had changed England’s religion from Catholicism to the Church of England (Protestant) and put himself at the head of the church. He did this so he could divorce Catherine of Aragon, and marry Anne Boleyn. Henry VIII did this multiple times, six to be exact. Later in time his oldest daughter, Mary, married.
She kept the Monarch as the Governor of the church not the Pope which is Protestant, I believe this is a good idea because the Protestants will still think she is a true Protestant and she will be popular with them. On the other hand the Catholics would not be happy with this idea because the Monarch is Protestant; also they may start to hate Elizabeth. As well as Bishops ran the church and an English bible, prayer book was used which are both Protestant. But she kept the candles and crucifixes in the church; this meant that the Catholics actually felt a part of the church and would of felt welcomed to enter. The middle policy won lots of support, she said, ‘I will not make a window into men’s souls, there is only one Jesus Christ, and all else is a dispute over trifles.’ This decision was so important to her and England because if she would of chose the wrong choice for example make England Protestant then there would have been a religious war and the Catholics would rebel.
What role did the New Model Army play in directing the political position of the Parliamentarians during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms (1642-60)? Discuss with reference to any two documents in Chapter 3 of the Anthology. The English Civil War, in one way or another, was a response to the aftermath of the Reformation which left behind political unrest and separate religious groups with indifferences and nonconformity. The Civil War affected everyone from commoners and the up and coming rising middle classes to the ruling aristocracy and Parliament. Parliament would eventually go on to create the New Model Army in response to events that surrounded Charles I, personal rule and his marriage to a catholic Queen Henrietta Maria, the daughter of Henry IV of France.
Why was the Unreformed House of Commons able to Reform itself in 1832? The splintering of the Tory party into several different factions played a part the Reform bill being able to be passed through the House of Commons. It split between the Huskissonites, The Ultras and the Small group of Support Wellington and Peel had managed to maintain. In 1832 Wellington tried to make a new Cabinet at the behest of this king but this crumbled when Peel refused to become involved in a Government that would pass Reform. The strong leadership of Grey over the Whigs was also a vital part of the road to reform as Grey was determined to get a Reform bill passed through Parliament (Reform that you can preserve) because of growing pressure from the middle class businessmen in Large cities that had no representation such as Birmingham and Manchester.
The threat of the Scottish army was also used to persuade the King to consent to the Triennial Act (15 February 1641). This stated that Parliament must be called every three years, and that if the King failed to call Parliament, the Members of the last Parliament should assemble unsummoned. Passing laws was all very well, but many Members of Parliament were afraid that Charles might still mount a violent coup to regain absolute control. To try and prevent this happening, they decided to attack all those who had helped Charles organize the personal rule of the 1630s: William Laud, Lord Keeper Finch, Secretary Windebank, the judges who had upheld the legality of Ship Money and - most importantly - Thomas Wentworth, Earl Strafford. Charles' opponents John Hampden (1594-1643) was a wealthy Buckinghamshire gentleman, who had led to opposition to Ship Money.
As established by Henry VIII in 1550 to distance himself from the Catholic Church and the Pope (and make it possible for him to divorce his first wife, Catherine of Aragon), the official religion of England at the beginning of the Victorian period, circa 1850, was that of the Anglican Church, known as the Church of England. Nonetheless, there were other religions that were quite important in the country, mainly Catholicism and Methodism, which was greatly known thanks to John Wesley and grew under Victorian times. There was also a movement of anti-Church, notably with the Age of Reason of Tom Paine, in 1794, and the apparition of spiritualism. The initiators of such movements where referred to as dissenters, and there were many dissented groups at the time. The Victorian period, up until the death of Queen Victoria in 1901, was therefore a time of religious confusion, but also, as we will see, of great charity, as well as of birth of new beliefs.
Blair was also able to control ministers by use of his "sofa government"- informal decision making by Blair and a select group of non-elected advisors. However, the power the Prime Minister has over Cabinet relies a lot on the Prime Minister being popular. Thatcher, for example, started off as popular, ruling her Cabinet in the way she wanted, but she lost a large amount of public and ministerial support by the end of her role as Prime Minister, and her Cabinet began to turn from her. Another limitation of the Prime Minister is the ability of Cabinet members to carry out a motion of no confidence, in which they will determine whether or not the Prime Minister remains fit to carry out their duties. If the motion is carried then the Prime Minister will be forced
Out of the eight main points of the settlement, I found that Elizabeth had rules that would please both Protestants and Catholic’s. For example one of her new laws was too be in charge of the church (pleasing Protestants), but not called ‘Head’ and was supported by bishops (pleasing Catholics). Another example of a Catholic based law was some church courts would remain. This is seen as pro-catholic because Protestants were against any form of church courts. Yet, the settlement was clearly not entirely favourable to Catholics.
Because of this, the split between the two churches became more understandable after this dispute. Also, the two churches had conflicting views on the Virgin Mary. The Eastern Orthodox Church believes that the Virgin Mary had resisted sin all of her life. In the Catholic’s eyes, she was born somewhat like Jesus, where she could not sin in her power. These two religion were similar in the belief of the way Communion should be run.
However, before the revolution many different religions were still being discriminated against with voting and public funds, some people in Massachusetts were even jailed for refusing to pay taxes to support their local ministers. The end of the British rule immediately caused people to question the privileged position associated with Anglican churches. Some people would demand relief from taxes because of this religious group. Because of majority of wars to be over religious beliefs , many leaders in the revolution claimed it was dire for the “new nation” to avoid conflicts about religious differences influenced from the past three centuries. Thus separation of church and state came into play, with hopes of keeping public morality and avoiding corrupting embrace from the government.