Gladstone’s main goal was to pacify Ireland and he was the first British politician to tackle the unfair way in which Ireland was run. Firstly the Disestablishment of the Anglican Church in Ireland, removed a major grievance for the Irish people. As only 12% of the population were part of the Anglican Church, yet they still had to pay tariffs towards it, Gladstone felt this was wrong and unacceptable. He felt it was unfair on the people in Ireland, and there was need for action after the Nationalist Fenian activity in 1867. The terms of the Act meant the Church was disestablished and disowned, leaving it to govern itself.
Upon Parnell’s death, he would become leader of the Parnellite section of the group. This group distanced itself from the Liberals to become a more independent force within Westminster. The Parnellites were a very weak sect of Home Rule, losing the support of the Catholic Church, and in the 1892 general election; they only won nine seats. The Anti – Parnellites were much stronger, but eventually split into three different groups, achieving 72 seats in the election. Redmond was very non confrontational and hoped to achieve most of Home Rule’s goals by pleasing as many as he could.
With the rise in the professional politician many prefer to remain loyal in order to gain power and move up in the hierarchy as opposed to become a rebel who remains in the back benchers. This can be seen after the vote on tuition fees and the liberal democrats. Despite the fact that they had campaigned for this cause endlessly only 26 (including a few Conservatives) chose to vote against the bill. Whips play an important part in removing efficiency from Parliament. By having whips who ensure that MPs behave in accordance to the decisions of the executive both Parliaments ability to scrutinise and hold the executive to account is diminished, but also their role as representatives of their individual constituency is also compromised.
The Success of ‘The Edict of Nantes’ in 1598. The Edict of Nantes in 1598 was only a temporary solution to the religious wars in France from 1562-1598. There were several attempts to bring peace and unity to France during this time but each attempt was met with hostility by both sides and a common ground was not found until the reign of Henry IV. The problems with the Edict of Nantes’ predecessors were that they heavily favoured the Catholics and never met the demands of the Huguenots. The likes of the Edict of Saint-Germaine and Ambroise both gave small successions to the Huguenots but not what they desired.
Tone had already come to realise that the demand for parliamentary reform without the granting of civil liberties to Catholics was meaningless, and he was disgusted by the failure of the Volunteers to take up the cause of Catholic emancipation. Wolfe Tone wanted the people of Ireland to show a united front. He wanted to put an end to the tyranny which was the ruling of England. Resolutions were put forward at the Belfast Volunteer Bastille celebrations on the 14th July by Tone. There were 3 resolutions put forward and the third one which was in relation to including Catholics in reform that was achieved was defeated.
The results of the 1885 general election were to have a significant impact on the political landscape of Britain; despite winning the most seats, the Liberals did not have an overall majority.As Parnell and the Irish Parliamentry Party (IPP) held the balance of power between them and the Conservatives after winning a total of 86 seats out of a possible 86, severly diminishing the power of the Liberal party in Ireland, It became clear Gladstone would have to make the issue of Home Rule a priority to win the essential support of the Irish Nationalists.This exacerbated divisions within the Liberals over Irish Home Rule and led to an internal split within the Liberal Party; the Liberal Unionists, lead by Lord Harrington, were to present a serious obstical in Gladsone’s aim for Irish Home Rule.The Liberal Unionist’s views on Gladstone are clearly reflected in source 9, a diary entry written in 1885 from a politician who joined Lord Harrington and the Liberal Unionists:”Harrington does not think that Gladstone has a definite scheme”. The use
The source portrays that the Irish Church Disestablishment Act was not beneficial for the Irish, however the Act discontinued the payment of tithe, taxes which were paid to the Church, to services they did not use; this benefited the Irish as it meant money could be used on more favourable things, such as schools and hospitals. It can be argued that the source is reliable due to the fact that it was published the same year as the Act so it depicts the immediate response; the source also has a non-political tone which makes it reliable as it isn’t persuasive. However, this is disregarded as it is written by ‘an influential social writer, poet and critic of his age’ this makes the source highly unreliable as it is an opinion published to persuade the public to support the writers’
These laws proved to be highly unsuccessful and caused resentment towards Augustus, forcing him to revise them in AD 9 through the Lex Papia Poppaea. This amendment reduced penalties against unmarried and childless people, whilst increasing rewards for those married with children. Overall, Augustus’ social reforms were definitely not as successful as his political ones due to the unpopularity and resentment they created. Conclusively, it is evident that Augustus introduced many new political and social reforms and managed to create a whole new system of government through the Principate. Augustus was clearly more successful with his political reforms
He is also proud that his knights who carry advertisements will influence people in a way that the Church cannot control: “This would undermine the Church. I mean would be a step toward that. Next, education—next, freedom —and then she would begin to crumble” (85). However, Christianization of the Anglo Saxon kingdoms did not start until the end of the sixth century. Therefore, Catholicism was by no means recognized as the main religion during King Arthur’s time.
This Reform was seen as significant to the Catalonian people, however it could be seen as a false sense of power, as they still had no power in foreign policy and international affairs, they only had a right to interfere in minor issues within their region. This reform could have also been seen as limited as it caused other problems in Spain, as other Spanish nations would have felt ignored which increased the amount of nationalists. Another point that could be argued was that there was still heavy taxation on Catalonia and the Basques region in Spain, in peoples opinions the reform didn’t have any successes it generally just caused a false sense of power for Catalonia, this caused undue hatred from the rest of Spain towards Catalonia due to its separatist attitude. This therefore confirms the point that the successes