One of Gladstone’s main areas for reform was in Ireland. Ireland was one of the key points for the formation of the Liberal party, and thus needed to be seen to by Gladstone. Gladstone decided he needed to disestablish the Irish church, as only 12% of the Irish people were actually Anglican. This turned out to be one of Gladstone’s most successful pieces of reform, as none of the conservatives were willing to fight for the church, and it was quickly passed with a major majority. However, Gladstone did have unsuccessful legislation in Ireland, with the 1870 Irish land act, and the 1873 Irish universities bill.
Bismarck began to fight back, he banned the most active order of Catholic priests and introduced a law that the government had a right to inspect all schools, including Catholic ones. The government would also control the training of priests and appoint them to churches and no one could be married without a civil ceremony in a government office. The Catholics saw this all as an attack on their beliefs, the country was left in struggle resulting in the ‘Kulterkampf’ movement. The loyalty of the Catholics had been weakened and the Prussian conservatives did not want the government to control local problems. This made Bismarck largely unpopular and cause disunity in Germany.
Assess the significance of Irish Nationalist leaders in the evolution of Anglo-Irish relations 1810-1998. The period of 1810-1998 significantly transformed Ireland and its relations with England through many political events, although whether it is because of Nationalist leaders is what is to be assessed as many other key events have occurred which bare a major influence on the development of Anglo-Irish relations. Parnells energy, aristocratic demeanour and the vigour of his attacks won him recognition in Britain and Ireland, galvanising the small band of obstructionist MPs in the Commons, offering leadership, imposing discipline and inspiring the men through courageous parliamentary performances. Parnell became President of the Home Rule party and is considered to of been a charismatic and dynamic leader according to historian Derrick Murphy . The position of Parnell was transformed when the campaign in parliament was fused with the agrarian protests in Ireland after 1879 significantly increasing Parnell’s influence and power due to the mass support gained ,allowing Parnell to force through the Irish self-rule question to the centre of British politics.
Finally, in a United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Roman Catholics would no longer be seen as the overwhelming and threatening majority but rather as cooperating fellow citizens, thus transforming Protestant views of fear and loathing. Indeed as Lord Castlereagh stated "Strength and confidence will encourage liberality". Indeed, following the passing of the Act of Union, Prime Minister Pitt was expected to come forward with the proposal of Catholic Emancipation (which finally passed in 1829). Yet the union between the two countries was not as evident as it should have been. Ireland was still being treated as a separate country and a 'half-alien dependency'.
Joseph Russell Candidate Number: 5145 Unit 4: Ireland and the Union 1815- 1922 How Significant Was The Contribution Of Michael Collins To The Successes Of Irish Republicanism In The Period 1916- 1922? Michael Collins used a number of methods to improve and force the chance for an Irish Republic down the British throats. His tactics were brutal and fully committed to the cause. However along with Collins other figures within Irish Republicanism were equally important to the success of the movement, and were also just as committed to winning Ireland for the Irish. We see Collins relentless attitude expressed in a statement made by himself when in court in April 1918 facing a charge of inciting people to steal guns.
One aspect that Wolsey did have great impact was justice, with him introducing many new ideas. Although, some of his policies were unsuccessful such as the Enclosures, the policy that was the most unsuccessful and almost a complete failure was the amicable grant. This was a factor in Henry’s lack of trust in Wolsey during the latter part of his position as Lord Chancellor. The first part of his domestic policies, and arguably the most successful one is justice. Unlike his other policies, the justice system was now greatly improved by Wolsey.
In fact, pre-plague England was more politically and socially stable than it had been for a considerable length of time. With this in mind, the content of source 4 appears to support the interpretation’s claims that the Black Death was responsible for the sudden change to radical behaviour. The chronicler of the source speaks of the ‘selfish and lofty wishes of the workers,’ also acknowledging that those wanting to hire the workers ‘[would have to] give them what they desired.’ Authored by an individual of an ecclesiastical body, it is clear that the disapproval with which the matter is reported is due to the recognition of significant and harmful change. In turn, this supports the idea that the Black Death was a catalyst for the worst fears of the nobility and church figureheads. However, the long term effects of these demands saw the peasantry facing strict legislation to ensure that they couldn’t take advantage of their position, seen in the Ordinance of Labourers extract in source 3.
How successful was Bismarck in his attempts to control the political parties in Germany in the years 1871-90? • Bismarck’s attempts to control political parties from 1871-90 was moderately successful since he often did manage to pass legislature on his own terms by securing an alliance with the National Liberals with the 1871 Kulturkampf and the Conservative with the 1879 Tariff Reforms. Though his repressive policies of Kulturkampf and the 1878 Anti-Socialist laws actually strengthened the political parties of Catholic Centre Party and the SPD, I believe that Bismarck did successfully maintain control by forming new alliances as a result you would serve to distinguish any burgeoning threats. Yes, Bismarck was successful during his liberal era of 1871-78 • Bismarck was initially successful in his alliance with the National Liberals since he capitalised upon the nationalist elements of their party. • This meant they often backed his proposals – e.g.
A Modest Proposal by Jonathon Swift is a satirical essay written in 1729. It was written in protest of the English treatment of the Catholic people of Ireland. Swift explains and attacks the cruel and unjust oppression of Ireland by the much more powerful, England. The Catholic people had many restrictions put on them. A few of these restrictions are as follows: the Catholics were not allowed to vote, they couldn’t marry a Protestant, they couldn’t attend Trinity College, they weren’t able to obtain orphans, they couldn’t be in the military or even own firearms and they weren’t able to buy land unless they had less than a thirty year lease.
Articles 26 and 27 of the new Constitution encouraged local councils to ban bell ringing, shut religious schools and threatened to phase out the subsidies to the clergy. Many priests were not wealthy and this resulted in them forming right-wing Catholic parties. The severe alienation of the right from the left negatively impacted the Second Republic as they were brought up against new opposition as a result of its new reforms. New reforms also angered the army. As Minister of War, Manuel Azaña tackled over manning in the army by allowing all officers to transfer to the reserve list on full pay, a generous offer.