How Shakespeare Was Influenced by Morality Plays

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The history of theatre in England is long and varied. Although with the changing rulers, theatre was at times given patronage and at other times banished altogether, some semblance to a consistent past can be found. The oldest plays were called Miracle plays (emphasising the miracles of Jesus and other angels), Mystery plays and Morality plays, after which came plays of later renaissance by Shakespeare and his contemporaries. Morality plays were a genre popularised in the medieval and early Tudor period. The basic ideal was still the one taught in the bible, but now instead of focusing directly on Jesus Christ like in Miracle plays, these highlighted the inner conflicts of individuals. They were called so because they were directed at teaching people the right morals. The medieval morality play, according to Greenblatt , was a “blend of high-mindedness and exuberant theatrical energy [and] pleased an impressively broad range of spectators, from the unlettered to the most sophisticated”. The basic idea behind any morality play was that the protagonist had strong moral beliefs, strayed into evil and temptation and then learnt of repentance and was saved. It is the ‘choice’ of the protagonist that leads him to the wrong path and brings him back. His choices and decisions are pivot points of the play. In contrast to medieval morality plays, Tudor morality plays focused less on an individual and more on the politics of the state, England being the protagonist. These plays, for example, would show the unhappiness of a peasant and consequent happiness by change of a king. About the end of the fifteenth century a new kind of Morality play appeared. As performances began to take place indoors, in the halls of nobility, compression began to be necessary in time and the number of actors. The aim of the play, also, became gradually more secular. The result was a modified
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