How Quantum Computers Work

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Quantum Computers Is Our Future Nobody can imagine life without computers, except, maybe, isolated tribes in South America. Everyone knows how to work with computers from children to elders. Our lives have been radically changed since the advent of computers. They have become a crucial part of our daily lives. We depend on computers now more than ever. Will we ever have the amount of computing power we need or want? The number of transistors on a microprocessor continues to double every 18 months and in the year 2020 or 2030 we will find the circuits on a microprocessor measured on an atomic scale. So, according to the Moore’s Law the next logical step will be to create quantum computers, which will harness the power of atoms and molecules to perform memory and processing tasks. Quantum computers have the potential to perform certain calculations significantly faster than any silicon-based computer. If you will try to compare modern computers with early computers you would see and feel huge difference, because early computers could do only simple operations, not to mention today's games and various programs. It was impossible to imagine what operations could do computers in the future. Let me give you an example of thoughts about the future computers: “Computers in the future will weigh no more than 1.5 tons” – quoted in popular Mechanics in 1950. What do we see now? This is rhetorical question. Today's computers work by manipulating bits that exist in one of two states: 0 or 1 (registers that contain these states define bits). Bits can be transformed to numbers, letters, graphics and so on. Usually, we can code as much information as 2N, where N is quantity of available bits or memory cell. Productivity of modern computers depends on amount of memory, frequency of processor and width of front side bus. The only problem with modern computers is the way of

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