Although finance played a significant role in the deterioration of the relationship between Crown and Parliament, it was not the lone reason, due to the fact that there were other more important factors including foreign policy and Buckingham which caused the collapse in the relationship between Crown and Parliament. Firstly, finance was a critical factor in the breakdown in the relationship. For example, the Forced Loan caused a great amount of tension between Crown and Parliament and therefore, worsened relations. It worsened relations because Charles enforced illegal taxations on his subjects without any form of consent from Parliament. He required that his subjects “loan him the equivalent of five subsidies” and although it was “opposed by significant numbers in the localities,” the taxation still occurred as the government had “employed all its powers to eliminate resistance”.
He introduced this tax to the whole country and misused it by not using it for ship money. So people had to pay money to Charles when they barley had money for themselves. This caused argument because people in parliament didn’t pay and the case was taken to court but Charles’s tax was ruled legal. The most obvious reason for the civil war is power. Divine right also comes in to power.
Although, there was no lack of other factors – such as finance and religion – that also led to the deterioration of the relationship. Buckingham’s Policies continued to develop a fundamental rift with parliament when he supported Richelu in his campaign against the protestant hueganauts and because he was perceived as the kings favourite by parliament the actions of Buckingham only exacerbated the relations between parliament and the crown. Relations between England and France quickly deteriorated when in 1627, Louis XIII was displeased with Charles’s failure to fully extend the promised toleration to Catholics, and Charles was annoyed at Louis for using English ships in the suppression of the Huguenots. Buckingham had also tried to seduce the French Queen, however, the element that had a tremendous impact on the
England’s monarchy in the early seventeenth century boasted multiple problems. Kings sought to rule independently and did not want to ration their power to the nobles in Parliament. Due to the large amount of debt left behind from Elizabeth I’s rule, some English kings created new taxes or found new means by which to raise revenue without consulting Parliament. England notably started to decline beginning with the rule of James I. Succeeding James I was Charles I, and his policies propelled England to civil war.
The loss of English territories in France was the main cause of York’s hatred of Somerset and worsened the relationship between Henry and York, whose relationship was already strained because of the court faction’s suspicions of York’s intentions and fears of attainder. York and the Neville’s wanted to see better governance and for Henry to regard them equally as the Beaufort’s. The feud between Somerset and York was because York felt dishonoured by Somerset’s easy surrender of Rouen and other lands of York’s appanage in 1450. As the son of Richard, Earl of Cambridge; who was executed for treason against Henry V, York was sensitive to the issue of family honour. He presented an article to the king in 1452, criticising Somerset for his failure to defend Rouen from attack and his surrender of Rouen in 1449 despite soldiers protesting.
In 1216 the Barons of England rebelled against King John, the Barons rebelled for a number of reasons, they include the trust between the King and the Barons, how John increased the taxes, the church and the rule breaking of the Magna Carta, some of the reasons were caused at the beginning of John’s reign, known as long term causes, and some of King John’s poor decisions triggered the rebellion, known as short term causes. One imperative reason that supports the fact why the Barons rebelled against King John was the fact that he did not ask their advice, a good King should always listen to the advice of the Barons. Instead he preferred to the advice of foreign advisers. This annoyed the Barons and chose not abide by The King. Consequently when he asked the Barons to provide an army to win back his land in France they refused.
The Revolutionary War: Why was it fought and was it preventable? Many believe that the trouble started brewing in 1763 at the end of the French Indian War but in all truth the colonist first started feeling discontent with the passing of the Navigation laws in 1650. This law stated that all goods flowing to and from the colonies could only be transported in British vessels. It was aimed to hurt rival Dutch shippers. This law kept money in the empire but hurt the pockets of the wealthy colonists mercantilist that depended on the shipping trade.
They were also in a country plagued by a financial crisis with the majority of the population automatically having hatred for the government. The treaty of Versailles also posed a serious threat to the government with the country left embarrassed by its ruling and the war guilt that Germany faced. The extreme right in particular were a threat to the republic. The actions of the Spartacists in particular concerned the leaders of the SPD as they knew that they could not rely on the support of the army in the face of a revolt. Thus a deal was done with the right wing (the pre 1918 military, judiciary and civil service).
England for a long time had been told to hate Catholics and when James came from Scotland and became king he decided to marry Henrietta Maria, a Catholic, the people became unhappy because they did not know if their heir would be Protestant or Catholic. In 1625 England became involved in expensive foreign wars - with the Austrian Empire then in 1627 a war against France. This meant that Charles was very short of money and so he forced rich people to lend it to him. In 1628 Charles asked Parliament to let him raise custom duties on wines and many other goods. The MPs were not happy with the forced loans and foreign wars so they presented Charles with the Petition of Rights which was just parliament saying that Charles cannot raise custom duties without parliaments permission.
The difference laid in the fact that he was or was perceived to be an incompetent and indecisive monarch. This indecisiveness caused him to surrender to opposition in court, thus leading him to fail to set up a limited constitutional monarchy, or respond to the need for introducing tax reforms. For example, the appointed financial advisor of the time, Jacques Necker, realised that there was a need for a tax reform, since the current tax system subjected the lower classes to pay high taxes while allowing numerous unfair tax exemptions for the nobles and clergy. Naturally, such a proposed reform met with opposition from the ministers, and the incompetent king yet again backed down and rejected the appeal. Eventually, the king dismissed Necker, which led to the one of the significant events in the revolution, the Storming of the Bastille.