During early Islam they were the most intellectual and powerful area in Europe and Asia. Then during the peak of their power and intellectual reign the Khan Dynasty destroyed the center of the Community in Baghdad. From this time forward the Islamic world was in a slow descent from the top power of the time. After Baghdad was destroyed by the Khans they never again had a center of intellects again. During the crusades for instance the Europeans started buying good from the Middle East but the Middle Eastern Muslims didn’t want anything from the barbarian Europeans.
From 1939-1941, the Axis powers were at its peak. Led by the ruthless blitzkrieg war tactics of Hitler, Germany and the Axis powers were able to undergo a string of victories. However, the ironic successes of the Axis powers led to greater actions by the Allies, which ultimately resulted in failure for the Axis powers. Had Hitler and the Axis powers were not so quick as to act upon impulse, and actually work as an alliance, it is more likely that the results of the war would have been in their favor. The success of Hitler and the Axis powers during the first two years of the war, 1939-1941, was impaired due to poor, irrational planning, postponements, overconfidence, and the growing forces of the Allied powers, as exemplified in the Battle of Britain, the Invasion of the Soviet Union, and the attack on Pearl Harbor.
By 1940, there were many factors contributing towards the fact that India had not yet acquired themselves independence. It can be said that the main reason that there was no independence was in fact due to the divisions, whether it be political or religious, within India. This view is supported fully by source 15 and somewhat source 17. The question is asking whether or not the British were the reason that India weren’t getting independence as they wanted to keep hold of the nation at this point, or if the reason India was still being ruled by Britain was because of their own issues within the nation. Source 15 fully agrees with the fact that it was India’s fault that they were not achieving ‘purna swaraj.’ It states that Britain ‘ could not contemplate transfer of their present responsibilities to any system of government whose authority is directly denied by large and powerful elements in India’s national life.
Introduction Within a century after Muhammad began spreading his message of submission to the will of Allah to the inhabitants of Mecca, Muslim armies had conquered lands from the Iberian Peninsula across North Africa and Persia into South Asia. It can be difficult to separate the diffusion of Islamic religion from the spread of Islamic empires, yet the rapid expansion of the early Arab dynasties was not motivated by a desire to advance their religion. Forced conversions were rare. It is probably more accurate to attribute the rapid expansion to a variety of factors, including skilled leadership, military strength, and local conditions in the territories conquered. Muhammad was deeply troubled by the warlike, adversarial relationships between the peoples of the Arab peninsula.
On the other hand, the loss of Muslims, Jews and other non-Christians throughout Europe and the Middle East was devastating (History.com staff 2010). There is no exact number, but death toll estimates range from two to six million. Provided that this is true, the justification for the Crusades themselves is open for debate since it was a clear act of human rights violation, given that a massacre targeted only people of a certain religion. In theory, the Crusaders believed they were being authorized by God himself through holy leaders like the Pope and that war was completely unavoidable (Khan Academy, 2018). They claimed their motivation was Christian love, not anger or hatred, and that their main goal was to help liberate the oppressed Christians that supposedly were being injured by their
From the late fourth century, the Church had consciously set out to destroy all knowledge that could distract people from devotion to god, thus ushering in the dark ages. Thus most important philosophical, medical, mathematical and scientific knowledge built up by the ancient Greeks and Romans had been lost to Europe forever. Some of the ancient Europe text had been retained by the arabs, who valued knowledge and expanded greatly on what had been preserved. Although Europe had been exposednto Islamic culture for centuries through contacts in Spain and Siciliy, much more Islamic thought was transferred to the west during the crusades. The need to raise, transport and supply large armies led to growth in trade throughout Europe.
Eventually the Islamic empire was weakened from civil war and political issues. Their growth was eventually stopped by the Christians in 1492. During the conquest of Syria and Palestine, the Muslims captured the rich Syrian trade center Damascus in 635, which became their capitol and the location of the caliphs. One year later Islam had took control of the Mediterranean coast reaching from Palestine to the Taurus Mountains. Islamic leaders decided not to advance any farther north, because they were opposed to climbing over the Taurus Mountains, and were intimidated by the military strength of the Byzantine that would be in the middle of the empire.
After capturing and taking over Syria, Persia, and Egypt, Muslims from turkey eventually defeated the eastern emperor at manzikert in 1071, and then just 5 years later captured Jerusalem. After the 11th century, the Turks began to move westwards from central Asia looking for new pastures for their herds. The Turkish Muslims didn’t really agree with Christian pilgrims visiting the holy land and treated them not very nice at all. Because of this constant mistreatment and violence the Christians became very angry, and made the Eastern Emperor, Alexius I, was very worried. The Turks had already began to capture parts of his empire.
There is much to fear with the peaceful tactics that are being utilized in the United States as this very way of warfare cannot be combated. A Kurdish Islamic radical from Iraq was quoted “We’re the ones who will change you…Just look at the development within Europe, where the number of Muslims is expanding like mosquitoes. By 2050, 30% of the population will be Muslim… Our way of thinking… will prove more powerful than
These aims were achieved to varying degrees of success. As a result of the Great War, the British Empire was extended even further, notably in Africa and the Middle East, helping to secure their power status across the globe. Their ‘great power’ status was further cemented by the post war treaties that ended some of the world’s empires notably the Ottoman Empire (under the Treaty of Sevres) and the Austro-Hungarian Empire (under the Treaty of Saint-Germain). Russia also was incapable of dominating Europe at this time as its empire had fallen and the country was consumed by civil war. But most importantly, the Treaty of Versailles weakened Germany to the point that it would not be economically or militarily able to pose a threat in Europe for some years.