Winnicot’s (1953) work on mothers and infants demonstrated the important for mothers to be emotionally ready to be a ‘good enough mother’ by having tolerance of waiting out a child’s frustration and the confidence in providing satisfaction (Oates, 2005). Bowlby ultimately was influenced by work from the Robertson’s. The Robertson’s (1989) studied separation anxiety in children (Oates, 2005). The behaviour of the child once separated from their parents reflected how strong the attachment is. The combination of winncot and the Robertson’s work inspired Bowlby attachment theory (Oates,
Whilst early theories pertaining to maternal interaction and deprivation can be found in the works of Sigmund Freud, Rene Spitz and Harry Harlow, Attachment Psychologist John Bowlby is largely regarded as the pioneer in the field (Peterson, 2004). Bowlby believed attachment to be an innate adaptive method applied by the child in an attempt to meet primary survival needs (i.e. food, shelter, mental stimulation). In order to secure these primary needs, newborn infants will attempt to form secure attachments to primary caregivers. If secured the child will receive ample attention and have basic needs met.
Babies have social releaser which unlocks the innate tendency for adults to care for them; these are both physical and behavioural social releasers. Bowlby adopted the idea of a critical period from ethologists like Lorenz, and applied this to his explanation of how human infants form their attachments. Bowlby has several claims. The first being that we have evolved a biological need to attach to our main caregiver, this being the monotropy attachment. Forming this attachment has survival values, as staying close to the mother ensure food and protection.
Module 4FD028 - Introduction The aim of this module is to show an understanding of the key concepts and approaches in Early Years provision and practice. By reflecting on how these are applied in practice, evaluating the impact on children’s learning and development and the practitioner’s role. The notion of ‘quality’ and the impact of one key concept on the child’s development and providing quality provision and practice will be discussed. Namely Transition from an Early years setting into a school environment for the first time paying particular attention to the role of the adult and the impact on the child’s well-being. In the developing field of Early Years, it is becoming more and more important for practitioners to have an awareness of the many topics that impact on the provision available to young children.
Include the following: • Explain how families affect the development of infants and young children. • Evaluate different parenting styles and their influence on development during infancy and early childhood. Include which parenting style you feel is most effective and why. • Discuss early childhood education and its influence on cognitive development. • Include at least two references.
Social and emotional developement. Learning to live with others in both family and society is generally one of the most important part's of development, family and friend's play an important part towards this. The socialisation is all about learning to cope in the family and society we live in. The socailisation process will by it's definition vary in diffrent societies and from family to family. Primary socialisation take's place with in the family,in the first years of a childs life.
Pick a theory of attachment and describe it in detail. Be sure to address the following: Why do infants become attached to caregivers? How does attachment develop? What are the roles of the infant caregiver in the attachment relationship? What are the implications for subsequent development?
Ainsworth’s strange situation study illustrates such differences empirically, and distinguishes the varying degrees of security of attachment with respect to the exploratory and attachment behaviour displayed by her experimental subjects. Further research and analysis of the strange situation found that maternal sensitivity, infant characteristics, and social support are predictors of secure attachment, although their relative importance is debatable. Although strange situation provides useful insights about early close relationships, it is limited in certain aspects, especially in measuring the attachment of non-maternal early close relationships. The strange situation is a laboratory procedure devised to test the security of attachment between infants and their respective mothers to determine the types of attachment and nature of attachment behaviours. In Ainsworth’s original study, 56 family-reared infants of white, middle-class parents were involved in the eight episodes that followed a standard order for all subjects (Ainsworth and Bell, 1970, p. 53).
John Bowlby adopted the family systems approach theory in relation to his attachment theory. Bowlby’s theories focused more on attachment styles whereas Bowen’s theory was centered specifically on the family as an organization. Bowlby theorized that children have the most successful development within an extended family system. He also believed that the child’s interactions with their caregivers within the first few years of their lives shaped their views of themselves and interactions with others (Blewitt & Broderick, 2015, p. 117). Bowlby in particular believed that the family system was important for a child’s growth and development.
As these generations age, society changes as well as the family values. Adjustments are made to meet both individual and society needs. The three key processes in which children learn values and develop character should start with the forming of emotional attachments, teaching of pro-social behavior, and respect for authority; and abiding by the rules both within the family structure and society. The forming of emotional attachment should start at birth. First the infant bonds with its mother.