The events in Scotland began with Charles introducing the English bible into Scotland, from there a religious protest developed and ultimately the National Covenant was set up. Charles wanted to base the Scottish Church on an English model (Hughes, 1998; p35) much to their disgust, and he declared the covenanters traitors, this united the movement early on. Importantly Charles knew that while the covenant existed he had no power in Scotland (Hughes, 1998; p37). The events led to the First Bishops War, which is the reason that Charles called the Short Parliament. He believed he had the support of the English Parliament.
Unionists were opposed to self-governement for Ireland for economic, religious and political reasons. Ulster, particularly Belfast, had prospered industrially and Belfast’s main industries, shipbuilding and linen, were dependent on the British market. Unionists believed that a Dublin government would take away from their concerns by focusing on agriculture – and lead to the detriment of Ulster’s prosperity. Protestant – Unionists also believed that an Irish Parliament would be Catholic and would dominate their religion and feared their religious freedom would be in danger. Rivalry between Catholics and Protestants was tradition in Ulster so the unionists were set in their ways!
This boycott was an indication of the difficulties that the British government would have in getting any agreement acceptable to both the Catholic and Protestant communities. The Sunningdale Agreement was an attempt to bring about power-sharing in the North by bringing together the different political parties at the time. While the moderate Nationalist
The bible was also the only thing that mattered. In the “Nativist Reaction to Irish Immigration”, they give a list of most things that the Roman Catholics hated. One thing on that list was that the Roman Catholics hated the bible. (Teaching Modules) Of course that would stir up some trouble with the Americans. If something wasn’t the “American way” they would certainly let you know.
The Irish uprising of 1916 was the main reason that released Ireland from the British rule since the found rebellion as the only way to fight against home rule. The declaration exposed the aspirations and goals of the rebels. Its chief objective was to proclaim and state the independence of Ireland. It also declared that there was a new form of government. This new document was radical and controversial at the time.
The Lutheran Princes felt it necessary to create the Protestant Union and in retaliation the Catholics formed to Catholic League. They agreed that neither of them should make a religious or territorial move. Protestant Churches were closed my Ferdinand of Styria, which caused the first outbreak of violence in 1617. Europe began to struggle through inflation. This was because the war had been fought on German soil, causing them to lose money in agriculture; also the trade routes had shifted.
In demanding so much, the supporters of the charter probably ensured its downfall, for the number of demands probably diluted support for any one single demand. The charter called for: The vote for all adult males, payments for members of parliament, equal electoral districts, the secret ballot, no property qualifications for MPs and annual general elections. Chartists wanted a say in how Britain was governed, they believed the fundamental cause of their distress was ‘misgovernment’. The government was in the hands of an un-elected, un-representative land owning elite. Radicals and Chartists alike believed landowners used powers to advance their own interests.
One of this war's causes was the nearly tacit public opinion, as well as the Parliament's, that they should support the Protestants due to Elizabeth (James's daughter) and Frederick - both involved in the war. The people and monarchy started to disagree, resulting into a loss of balance in the whole land. Catholics also earned themselves a bad image due to the gunpowder plot, once again creating a scarce relationship between them and the Protestants. However, it's common logic that the situation would be conflictual, as two forms of Christianity were impossible to coexist. As it was nearly impossible for James to neglect the conflicts, he attempted to marry his son Henry to a Spanish princess (dynastic marriage), the scope being to bring Protestants and Catholics at peace.
A Modest Proposal by Jonathon Swift is a satirical essay written in 1729. It was written in protest of the English treatment of the Catholic people of Ireland. Swift explains and attacks the cruel and unjust oppression of Ireland by the much more powerful, England. The Catholic people had many restrictions put on them. A few of these restrictions are as follows: the Catholics were not allowed to vote, they couldn’t marry a Protestant, they couldn’t attend Trinity College, they weren’t able to obtain orphans, they couldn’t be in the military or even own firearms and they weren’t able to buy land unless they had less than a thirty year lease.
Bismarck began to fight back, he banned the most active order of Catholic priests and introduced a law that the government had a right to inspect all schools, including Catholic ones. The government would also control the training of priests and appoint them to churches and no one could be married without a civil ceremony in a government office. The Catholics saw this all as an attack on their beliefs, the country was left in struggle resulting in the ‘Kulterkampf’ movement. The loyalty of the Catholics had been weakened and the Prussian conservatives did not want the government to control local problems. This made Bismarck largely unpopular and cause disunity in Germany.