How Far Did the Political Changes in Germany Between October 1918 and May 1919 Amount to a Revolution?

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The political changes in Germany between October 1918 and May 1919 lead to many revolutionary changes however I don’t believe that the events that took place amounted to a revolution. In this essay I will be discussing the ‘revolution from above’ and the ‘revolution from below’, the Spartacist challenge and the Weimar constitution. In October 1918 the ‘revolution from above’ took place. The Kaiser was told by Ludendorff that they had lost the war and simultaneously he urged the Kaiser to appoint a new government made up of representatives of the biggest parties in the Reichstag. The Kaiser agreed and Germany went from being an autocracy, where all the political power had lied in the hands of the Kaiser, to a parliamentary democracy, where the supreme power lied in the hands of the people and the Kaiser became simply nothing more than a ceremonial head of state. The ‘revolution from above’ was quickly overtaken by events, Germany demanded for the Kaisers abdication. The chief of the naval staff ordered an attack on the British however the sailors refused to obey order and the mutineers seized control of the port. This meant that people across the country could finally see that Imperial Germany’s ruling class had lost control. The German government couldn’t stand up to the people so they gave them what they wanted, the Kaisers abdication. This was a huge political change for Germany as it meant that the citizens would finally have a say on how there country is to be ruled. These events quickly lead to the Spartacist revolt. The spartacists were left with a dilemma; they could either except the new democratic Germany or seek to impose socialism with force. So they decided to launch an armed rising in Berlin to overthrow the provisional government and create a soviet republic. However the spartacists were weak and had made no serious plans. In January they went to
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