This act effectively has provided a concrete document that outlines the rights of citizens. Since the passing of this act, judges have been able rule more confidently based on the legislation rather than using complex declarations of the common law via precedents. The increased ease for judges and clarity for citizens has increased the effectiveness of rights protection by the judiciary because now the judiciary can use articles in the HR Act to rule in favour of individuals. For example, in the case of Catherine Zeta Jones v. Hello Magazine 2001, the court was able to rule clearly that the article 8 right to privacy outweighed the magazine's article 10 right to expression and thus Zeta Jones' wedding was allowed to remain private. This clearly shows an effective protection of liberty by judges.
Supporters would argue that referendums should be used in the UK. This is for many reasons, such as allowing the public to have control over decision making. In doing so, making that decision is far more representative because it would be the popular choice, therefore making it far more legitimate. Also, because they’re secret ballots it means the voters can be non-partisan furthermore granting the final outcome to be a more justifiable choice due to f the vast amount of voters. In addition, referendums are a form of direct democracy, consequently giving the public control over decision making.
While pressure groups may have unbalanced influence due to varying methods and funds, they are generally good at being a channel of representation between the people and the government, keeping the government in touch with the people. Their ability to provide representation for minorities in a way that political parties are unable too is also invaluable to the UK's democracy and so pressure groups do not undermine UK democracy in such a way that they are
The UK has a unitary constitution, where all power and authority resides in Parliament. They can make or unmake any law but cannot bind future parliaments. Although the increased use of referendums and membership of the EU may lead people to argue that Parliamentary sovereignty is being diminished. The rule of law is also a key part of the UK constitution, it’s based on the principle that no one is above the law and no one can be punished without a trial. It underlies the UK constitutions and limits the government.
The Lords has also become more legitimate since the reforms because it’s influence has increased, the Lords are now looked to by the Commons to see what they think of what the government is doing more and more. They scrutinise the government’s decisions and make suggestions and changes to policy. More and more often the Lords reject or request changes to legislation from the Commons which most of the time the Commons agree with or work on – this highlights how effective and influential the Lords are. c) How successfully does Parliament perform its representative functions in modern Britain?
‘The advantages of enlarging the EU after the end of the cold war were significant for its member states.’ How valid is this assessment? The enlargement of the EU was positive for both member states, the worlds trading and applicant states. The EU would work to bring prosperity, peace and a unity between countries which had been involved in conflict after World War two and the cold war. Even though there were negative aspects of enlarging the EU such as divisions over NATO, the expansion bought many positive aspects. In order for the EU to achieve bringing Europe together after World War 2 they would need to expand.
This promotes anti- discriminatory practice because it is giving the opinion that everyone should have equal opportunities regardless of their physical status/ capability or mental status. This legislation is here to protect the disabled from being discriminated against in the most important parts of life; employment, education, access to facilities, buying and renting property and licences, this in turn makes the lives of the disabled a lot more positive and enjoyable. The Data Protection Act The Data Protection Act (DPA) is a law designed to protect personal data stored on computers or in an organised paper filing system. During the second half of the 20th century, businesses, organisations and the government began using computers to store information about their customers, clients and staff in databases. For example: names, addresses, contact information, employment history, medical conditions,
When the Labour government implemented these laws they protected traditional parliamentary sovereignty. Unlike Germany or the USA where judges can annul legislations that are found to be in breach of the human rights act. In the UK however judges can only issue a declaration of incompatibility which sends the legislation back to parliament so that they can make changes to suit the HRA. It is difficult to declare on this subject whether or not there have been enough reforms on the Human Rights Act as through one viewpoint it is important to sometimes evade Human Rights to catch potential terrorists on the other hand millions of people have had to sacrifice their right to private life as has been found with the major scandal of NSA spying on internet records. Some people may argue that if you have nothing to hide you should not fear however people still should be able to have
The answer is yes! Palin has described her party platform as "the right agenda for America" because of its "respect for equality and respect for life and an acknowledgment that it is individual Americans and American families who can make better decisions for ourselves than government can ever make for us" and stated that "individual freedom and independence is extremely important to me and thats why I'm a Republican. Even though Palin claims to respect equality and individuality, she is still a strong social conservative. She supports creationism being taught in public schools, opposes same-sex marriage, and is pro life... but thats ok because none of those things have anything to do with equality. The Bible says that marriage is the union of a man and a
Particularly in the internet age, it is increasingly difficult to keep all personal and private information completely secure. However, the federal government does afford American citizens a variety of different privacy rights protected under privacy laws. While it has become somewhat easier to gain access to private information, the federal government has also sought out ways to increase protection in terms of privacy. Additionally, American citizens are constantly looking for ways to increase their own level of privacy (Bartee, 2006). Poe v. Ullman, 367 U.S. 497 (1961), was a significant case that illustrates the fine line the federal government walks when trying to protect the privacy of Americans while also trying to uphold Constitutional law.