Normal conditions, before El Nino events occur, strong trade winds move surface waters westward. As this occurs the water becomes warmer. When water becomes warmer it causes the air to rise and cool causing torrential rainfall. When El Nino occurs there a warm upper ocean layer, which is poor in nutrients and a cold lower ocean layer, which is rich in nutrients. The cold water is brought when the surface current flows westward in a process known as upwelling.
It absorbs much water vapour from the oceans and land vegetation through evaporation. As this air rises it cools. Eventually the water vapour condenses into clouds and it then creates precipitation. So the equatorial region is both hot and wet. The air rises, then spreads horizontally to the north and south.
Together these things work to create ocean currents that help in the overall vitality on our earth dynamic surface. Wind is one of the largest indicators for ocean currents. It works by circulating differential heating around the world helped by our equators warm belt, our poles cold points, and the Corialis effect. The Corioles effect is the deflection of moving objects when they are viewed in a rotating reference frame. Our rotating reference frame is the earth, and its large mass and slow rotations the force is quite small.
The climate is very bipolar though due to varying elevations and winds across the island. The east side of the island has the heaviest amount of rain which equals to about 3.5 meters a year. Not only does this side receive a great amount of rain it is also affected substantially more by the cyclones that wreak havoc on the tropical island. Rain clouds expel so much moisture to the east of the highest grounds the highlands in the central part of the island are much drier and cooler. The downside to the central highlands though are multiple thunderstorms that cause incredible damage due to lighting strikes.
Causes: -Elevated/decreased sea water temperature Coral species live within a relatively narrow temperature margin, and anomalously low and high sea temperatures can induce coral bleaching. Bleaching events occur during sudden temperature drops accompanying intense upwelling episodes, seasonal cold-air outbreaks. Bleaching is much more frequently reported from elevated sea water temperatures. -Solar irradiance Bleaching during the summer months, during seasonal temperature and irradiance maxima often occurs disproportionately in shallow-living corals and on the exposed summits of colonies. Solar radiation has been suspected to play a role in coral bleaching.
Rainforest ecosystems are characterised by heavy convectional rainfall, this is the rainfall that occurs in warm or tropical climates when heated air rises and cools, high humidity, and this is the amount of water vapour in the atmosphere, the abundance of vegetation and nutrient-rich but shallow soil. These factors combined give rise to a unique water and nutrient cycle. Heavy rainfall, warm temperatures and constant sunlight provides the optimum conditions for plant growth; however the much of the sunlight is blocked by the canopy formed from trees. Many plants develop immediately in-between gaps in the canopy resulting in the tropical rainforest’s dense vegetation covering 1.4 billion acres. From ground level up these levels of vegetation are: The shrub layer.
Then the low-pressure system matures along the west-to-east atmospheric highway also known as jet stream; then a storm will move slowly along the jet stream that would produce the large waves (Warshaw 2000). When the waves are created we have to take into consideration that the bottom of the wave since it is a great factor in why the
The heavy rainfall started falling at midday on the 16th August, and it was recorded that 5 inches fell in 8 hours. The storm was a remnant of the Hurricane Alex, which had carried over the Atlantic. The rain was cause due to warm air picking up moisture - due to residual heat from the Atlantic sea - travelled towards the South West Cornish coast as prevailing winds. Upon contact with the topographically vertical coast, these winds experienced a strong up-drafting force thus causing internal moisture to reach the atmosphere, and consequently cool as a string of storm clouds. With convergence and coalescence, enhanced moisture levels resulted in heavy rainfall on the afternoon of 16 August 2004.
Furthermore, both of them rotate all around. Moreover, they have deep low pressure systems. Lastly, both of them are a form of storm. There are also tons of differences between hurricanes and tornadoes. Initially, hurricanes are formed over warm water in the tropical oceans and develop best when far from the jet stream while tornadoes are formed over land and formed within storms that are often very close to the jet stream.
The tropical climate is characterized by constant high temperatures. All twelve months have an average precipitation of at least 60 mm (2.4 in), whereas in the savanna climate, the annual precipitation is contrastingly 25 mm. In the dry climates (group B) contains: arid and semiarid climates. Desert regions on the West coast are much cooler, due to the nearby presence of cold ocean currents and frequent cloud cover. The mesothermal climate (group C) consists: mediterranean, humid-subtropic, and oceanic climates.