Natural Moral law is an absolute ethical theory that states that there is natural order to the world we live in. It is believed that is order is established by some supernatural power. Natural Moral law originated in the philosophy of the ancient Greeks, especially that of Aristotle and Aquinas. This theory that is being tested to see if it is the best approach for decision making is not rooted in duty, or an externally
However, the New Right incorporates neo-liberalism, which is a moderation of liberalism that supports free market economics and the minimal role of the state. But it also incorporates neo-conservatism which contrasts from neo-liberalism as it has a strong stance on law and order and the authoritarian state, focusing on nationalism. Firstly the New Right can be said to internally coherent in a political sense and in terms of the compatibility of its goals. All members of the New Right are capable of accepting a strong but minimal state as neo-conservatives believe in an authoritarian strong state in which they prevent excessive freedom due to their view on human nature, but not excessive state so there is not a dependency culture created. The neo liberals also believe that there should be minimal state but in an economic sense, and this is in order to allow capitalism to flourish without excessive restraints and laws imposed on business, and this is to encourage competition in the market to improve efficiency and profit.
Ideals such as a focus on the individual, individual rights and equality, a social contract based on government by consent, free market, and minimum government intervention and maximum freedom. I will concentrate on the works of other prominent ‘liberals’ of the same period of classical liberalism, such as Locke and Mill as a comparison to Hobbes in an attempt to establish if Hobbes can be regarded as a liberal. Perhaps the most important and fundamental principle of liberalism is that it centres around the individual and their rights. Mill in ‘On Liberty’ states that the cultivation of individuality produces humans who are ‘noble and beautiful objects of contemplation’ (Hampsher-monk, 2000). He holds the value of individuals as the highest in human life and in the role of promoting a development of civilisation.
Baron de Montesquieu’s idea on nature of government were that all men were made upon equal rights. Baron de Montesquieu believed that all man were trusted to govern. The Enlightenment thinkers which were Abigail Adams, John Locke, and Baron de Montesquieu all said that their idea on nature or government would have to protect the people’s natural and equal rights. All enlightenment thinkers thought that
Although they endorse idea of self-determination, does not mean they entitle nations to treat people however they choose. Rights of individuals are above that of claims of national sovereignty. Liberal internationalism is characterised by the desire for nations to conform to a higher morality embodied in the doctrine of human rights. As these rights are universally applicable and lay down minimum existence for humans as well as abiding and constituting the rules of international law. This belief has led to the creation of documents such as UN Declaration, employing support from international institutions of law (International Court of
Liberalism is a political current embracing several historical and present-day ideologies that claim defense of individual liberty as the purpose of government. It typically favors the right to dissent from orthodox tenets or established authorities in political or religious matters. Liberalism is also defined and understood in contradistinction to other political ideologies such as conservatism and particularly to totalitarianism, which represent the antithesis of liberal freedom. The term liberal stems from the Latin "liber" or "free", and this emphasizes the liberal ideal of being free from the rules and tenet of authority The tradition if liberalism has undergone numerous mutations and developments in political history. The origins of liberalism can be traced to the ideals of the Enlightenment in Europe.
The Roman lawyer Cicero also utilised the concept of natural law. He reinforced Aristotle’s point on which natural law can be applied to all, “it is of universal application, unchanging and everlasting… one eternal and unchangeable law will be valid for all nations and all times”. There are a number of key principles associated with natural law. Aquinas summed up God’s overall purpose for human life as to live, reproduce, learn, have an ordered society and worship God. These are referred to as the primary precepts.
Pornography is an industry that has steadily become booming in the more modern decades. It’s availability on the internet to all and any who can access a computer, makes the issue of whether it causes violent sexual attitudes and behaviors, one that requires thought investigation. The following paper will summarize two articles; one supporting the fact that pornography encourages aggressive sexual behaviors and beliefs, the other disclaiming this hypothesis. While both articles give convincing, informed, and relative arguments, the way that Pornography as a Cause of Rape is presented lacks key elements such as counter arguments, and complete information when discussing studies, which make its points valid. The Role of Pornography in the Etiology of Sexual Aggression provides a more accurate article citing both studies supporting its claims as well as studies discounting them.
MacKinnon views pornography as not only meaning what it is, the product and what has been done to make it, but also what it does, the ideas that it conveys and implants into society . These ideas are those of male dominance and hierarchy, and dehumanization, objectification, and sexual subservience of women; basically ideas of gender inequality (216). Bennett continues to describe how this depiction of sexuality in pornography is only possible because these ideas are normalized and ingrained into our society.
The eternal law infers Gods rationing of the universe whilst the divine law is based on Biblical and Church teachings. Central to the theory is natural law, a source of fulfilment on earth and the ‘heart of all gentiles’ (St Paul). From this, human law was devised, which governs daily behaviour and acts as an extension of natural law to be exercised by the state. The four cardinal virtues are a further key feature and