This money of course came from merchants who made massive profits lending to the nobles. This war expenditure typically went to the northern cities in Italy which uplifted them greatly. Many of those Italian cities such as Genoa and Venice later became some of the centers of the renaissance. The positive transfers were typically east to west because Europe was vastly underdeveloped compared to the middle east. After being attacked multiple times the Muslims began to lose respect for the Europeans in multiple ways, they were not impressed with Europe's military might or technology.
The arrival of Euorpean traders in the 1500's made the Chinese government nervous and as a result, isolated the people for fear of cultural changes. However, because of the high demand for goods, trade continued to take place illegally. When the dynasty collapsed and the Manchus took over, trade was controlled overseas. In the Qing Dynasty, trade made for a huge population growth in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Trade with America caused this growth through their introduction of new crops to China.
The Crusades are remembered as one of the more gruesome acts of war in Middle Eastern and European history. The world was in a stage of progress, flowering after the end of the Dark Ages, and people looked to the future with bright hopes. [ (McKay, Hill and Ebrey) ] It was in this mindset of hope and religious fervor that Emperor Alexius I of Byzantine was able to persuade Pope Urban II to call for able-bodied men to assist in his war to reclaim the Holy Land from the Muslim people. [ (A&E Television Networks, LLC) ] Thus began the First Crusade in 1096 and sparked a series of wars in which Jerusalem passed between Muslim and Christian hands numerous times. Even now, peace in the “kingdom of Heaven” remains elusive, and in 2005, Ridley Scott directed the movie, “Kingdom of Heaven”, following the highly fictionalized life of Balian of Ibelin.
The early 1500’s saw the Laws of the Indies introduced in order to help Christianise the indigenous natives, a motivational tactic behind Spain’s fight for colonial expansion. Upon their failure, New Laws were implemented in the mid 1500’s, in order to provide protection to the existing native population, but were met with opposition from both natives and Spanish colonists. This setback was perhaps the most damaging to the Empire’s success, however, the most prominent was
Over the course of the war new weapons, vehicles and armor were created and for those who it protected or helped were the ones that most likely survived to fight another day. With the creation of these new technologies also can relief for the economy because the war economy took place where the normal economy was failing because the US was buying these new technologies from companies that were in the US which put money into the economy (war economy). The war itself cost the US $22,625,253,000 and it cost the Allied Powers in total all together $125,690,477,000. All of that money is what went back into the economy of failing countries and brought the US out of the Great Depression. There were about 35,000,000 uniformed people who were killed, wounded, or POW [prisoners of war]
From 500 to 1500 CE in Europe, rural society & religious philosophies changed while the Roman Catholic Church continued to have political influence in the Holy Roman Empire. Rural society changes in Medieval Europe. In early medieval times, the demographic growth was not enough to lead to the urbanization of large scale cities. Manors and small communities were largely self sufficient. However, in later medieval times, there is another surge in population and this time it is sufficient to lead to the growth of previously existing cities like Paris, London, and Toledo.
These divisions do not simply apply to the Pope’s reasoning but also of course to the varying masses of people who took up the cross [Riley-Smith, 113]. The overall result of the First Crusade was: that against all odds the crusading army defeated the ‘infidel’ armies of the East and conquered their idolized holy lands, but also that the papacy now spread its riches through to the East. Considering this all stemmed from one enigmatic presentation by the Pope, this leaves one with the question, was there a more political than simply righteous motive for the First Crusade? To consider the economic causes of the First Crusade the monetary climate within Western Europe must be evaluated. Western Europe prior to the First Crusade was struggling through outbreaks of plague and famine.
Also Austria-Hungary’s king and family visited Sarajevo- Bosnia was assassinated by conspirator Gavrilo Princip Austria striked back in revenge. But the most important came from countries distrust for one another because it led the Great powers of Europe-Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Britain, France, and Russia signed treaties pledging to defend one another. These alliances were intended to promote peace by promoting powerful combinations that no one would dare to attack. But 2 huge alliances emerged in the end. France longed to avenge its defeat in Franco-Prussian War, Bismarck signed treaties with other powered thinking they wouldn’t attack Germany alone.
The New Deal was a bunch of established programs which helped to curb the unemployment by hiring people for various projects. The New Deal helped to ease the hardships of the Great Depression which helped, but the economy was still bad. The turn around in the U.S. economy turned around after the bombing of Pearl
They were also influenced by the fear of Europe flooding American markets with cheap goods after the war. Presidents Harding and Coolidge, granted with authority to reduce or increase duties, were always sympathetic towards the big industries, thus much more prone to increasing tariffs than decreasing them. Congress soon passed the Fordney-McCumber Tariff Law, which raised the tariff from 27% to 38.5%. However, this presented a problem for Europe since they needed to sell goods to the U.S. in order to get the money to pay back is debts, and when it could not sell, it could not repay. Later on President Hoover passed the Hawley-Smoot Tariff of 1930 which raised duty on non-free goods to nearly 60%.