* Locke believed that political power was not given by to the monarch by god, but was derived from social compacts that people made to preserve their natural rights. 1. Natal rights (to life, liberty, and property) * He believed that government should in effect, be instituted to make sure that the people were able to secure their rights to property. That
“All men are bound to sustain and uphold the respective government in which\ they reside . Which protected in their inherant and inalienable rights by the laws of such government: and that sedition and rebellion are unbecoming every citizen thus protect, and should be punished accordingly. And that all governments have a right to enact such judgements are best calculated to secure the public interest. Ay the same time , however,holding sacred the freedom of conscience. “No government can exist in peace , except such laws are framed and held in violate as well secure to each person the free exercise of conscience, the right and control of life.”The most important single function of government is to secure the rights are not and freedoms of each and every citizen.
Ethicists use these two theories to argue whether the community or the individual is more important, question whether we should follow distributive justice should society just focus on protecting themselves without harming other people? An individualist believes that one has no responsibility to look after others but recognise the obligation to avoid harm. Hobbs lived during a period of social chaos, a revolutionist party were persecuting people for what they believed, including Hobbs. During this time, Hobbs wrote Hobbes Leviathan, which in he described what be believed to be the Hobbesian state of nature, something that all humans are if placed somewhere without social organisation, like a desert island. He quotes life to be “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short.” Hobbs also states that as humans we are also motivated by selfish desires between the interests of different groups and this is because of the human state of nature.
Natural Law means that all human being has three natural rights which are “life, liberty and estates” which are sum up with property. Thus, all human being try to keep these natural rights. However, this can be led the situation that he or she try to take other’s property or natural right to keep their natural right. This is called “State of War”. To prevent repetitive “state of war”, Locke claims the “social contract”.
Stanley Milgram Obedience is an essential instinct. Stanley Milgram’s essay, “The Perils of Obedience,” shows his us that humans will basically do anything they are told to and he tries to figure out why this is. Milgram proposes that people feel responsible for carrying out the wishes of an authority figure, but they do not feel responsible for the actual actions they are performing. He decides that the increasing division of labor in society encourages people to focus on a smaller task and to avoid responsibility for anything that they do not directly control. Conservative philosophers debate that the very basics of society are endangered by rebellion, though humanists strain the importance of a singular conscience.
To make his case for independence effectively, Jefferson begins by using moral reasoning and deductive logic, then shifts to inductive logic to lead up to the conclusion. As a moralist, Jefferson’s basic principles are: human beings are born equal; Creator gives them certain rights, such as life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. As a logician, Jefferson’s premises are: government are built up to protect these rights; when government fails to do so, the people have the right to change it. From these principles and premises, Jefferson judges what are good or bad behaviors of government. In the first two paragraph, Jefferson says that the British government has usurped the rights of the
The declaration opens with a preamble describing the document's necessity in explaining why the colonies have overthrown their ruler and chosen to take their place as a separate nation in the world. All men are created equal and there are certain unalienable rights that governments should never violate. These rights include the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. When a government fails to protect those rights, it is not only the right, but also the duty of the people to overthrow that government. In its place, the people should establish a government that is designed to protect those rights.
Society is everything constructive and good that people join together to accomplish. Government, on the other hand, is an institution whose sole purpose is to protect us from our own mistakes. Government has its origins in the evil of man and is therefore a necessary evil at best. The government's sole purpose is to protect life, liberty and property, but the people will prefer to be responsible for the creation of the laws that rule them. The British system is too complex and harmful, and that the monarchy is granted far too much power.
One of the most important topics Locke wanted to encourage, was that people have control over the government, setting limited power for a temporary time, and in having this, the people can demolish the form of government if the government does not comply to the people’s needs “the people have a right to act as supreme, and continue the legislative in themselves” (Locke). He believed that using reasons to explain what is true will ensure the purpose of
Both Hobbes and Locke, previously inspired by Aristotle, believed that government was artificial but necessary to protect men from death in exchange of giving up some rights. Locke in his ‘second Treatise of Government’ describes his ideal government as something that “it should be limited: it should only be strong to protect these three inalienable statesâ€2 referring to Life, Liberty and estate. The idea of Property was due to Montesquieu theory of division of authority in different and numerous