Geographical Control * The Hyksos first appeared in Egypt c.1800 BC, during the eleventh dynasty, and began their climb to power in the thirteenth dynasty, coming out of the second intermediate period in control of Avaris and the Delta. * By about 1720 BC, they had grown strong enough, at the expense of the Middle Kingdom kings, to gain control of Avaris in the northeastern Delta. (SHOW ON MAP) * This site eventually became the capital of the Hyksos kings, but within 50 years, they had also taken control of the important Egyptian city of Memphis. (SHOW ON MAP) * The Hyksos never really ruled Egypt completely. Though the ruler of Avaris claimed to be King of Upper and Lower Egypt, we know from the discovery of burials from that may have been a result of a massive plague and records dating to the 17th Dynasty king Kamose, show that Cusae, a little further south, was actually the specific boarder point.
AFRICA BEFORE EUROPEAN ARRIVAL DBQ Historical Context Africans had developed advanced civilizations before the Europeans arrived in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Beginning with Aksum (Ethiopia today) in East Africa in the 300’s, the kingdoms, empires, and cities arose and declined. In west Africa, three empires- Ghana, Mali, and Songhai- controlled the gold and salt trade. Between 1000 and 1500, cities on Africa’s east coast also gained wealth and power through trade. There were several centers of advanced civilization in Africa between 300 and 1400.
Mesopotamia was an ancient region in the eastern Mediterranean between the Tigris and the Euphrates rivers; bordered by the Zagros Mountains in the north and the Arabian Plateau in the south, where modern day Iraq is today. Civilization emerged from this region approximately 6000 year ago with the creation of centralized cities and the first written word, known as cuneiform. The creation of a written word increased communications among groups of people and lead to expanded trade and commerce. With expanded commerce and the growth of cities came the need to regulate interactions among people with a set of standard laws. One of the first known attempts to establish written rules, and the best preserved Mesopotamian collection of laws, is the Code of Hammurabi.
when regarded as a significant asset. Jerusalem- A city in east central Israel; pop. 562,000. Holy to Jews, Christians, and Muslims, it was divided between the states of Israel North Africa basins- A bowl for washing, typically attached to a wall and having faucets connected to a water supply; a washbasin. Nile river- world's longest river (4150 miles); flows northward through eastern Africa into the Mediterranean sahara desert -A vast desert in North Africa that covers an area of about 3,500,000 square miles (9,065,000 sq km).
Not only were he rulers were extremely wealthy but they were also black. “Although the history of this country goes back to the seventh century, it owes its fame to two men – Sundiata Keita and Mansa Musa. Keita transformed the small state into a great empire. Musa, the most celebrated ruler of the ancient Sudan, came to power in 1307 and put together one of the greatest countries of the world. Musa is best known for a pilgrimage he made in Mecca in 1324.
HYKSOS ESSAY PLAN Assess the impact of the Hyksos on Egypt during this period Introduction The Hyksos domination provided the Egyptians with the incentive and the means towards world expansion - Breasted Context = Within the second intermediary period, such was a time of “Dire havoc and confusion” (Bradley). Egyptian rule was dis-unified as well as fragile. Hyksos rule over Egypt is in fact what catalyses their transgression into a nascent empire, where the Hyksos had captured Avaris, Cusae as well as Memphis. Hyksos rule over Egypt lasted for 100 years, and thusly lead to assimilation of their religion and the introduction of new processes and products to the economy” - Bradley Great impact on Egypt = Technological, political, cultural. All allowing Egypt to ultimately transcend into a belligerent, apodictic Empire.
As Hatshepsut reestablished the trade networks that had been disrupted during the Hyksos occupation of Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period, thereby building a wealth of the eighteenth dynasty that has become so famous since the discovery of the burial of one of her descendants, Tutankhamun, began to be analyzed. She oversaw the preparations and funding for a mission to the Land of Punt. The expedition set out in her name with five ships, each measuring 70 feet (21 m) long bearing several sails and accommodating 210 men that included sailors and 30 rowers. Many trade goods were bought in Punt, notably myrrh, which is said to have been Hatshepsut's favourite fragrance. Most notably, however, the Egyptians returned from the voyage bearing 31 live frankincense trees, the roots of which were carefully kept in baskets for the duration of the voyage.
Abdulrahman Jamea World history 1/8/13 Shang Dynasty vs. Ancient Egypt Geography: Indus river valley lasted from 2500 BCE-1500 BCE; their geography was one most fertile land. Rivers flooded regularly seasonally. The Himalayas was to their north. The Shang dynasty lasted from 1556BCE-1046 BCE, their geography has the yellow river Social structure: For the Indus river valley the priests and king where on top of the social ladder, then aristocrats second.
Queen Hatshepsut achieved extraordinary power for a woman in Ancient Egypt, ultimately gaining the title Pharaoh in the eighteenth dynasty. In the twenty two year span of her reign, she lengthened trade and built extensively throughout Upper and Lower Egypt. Not only did Hatshepsut serve as the Queen of Egypt, but she ruled as a King. She reigned as a man, her statues show her as a man, complete with a traditional false beard that men wore. It is believed she was overthrown and was succeeded by Tuthmose III.
Today, P. Lorillard is the oldest tobacco company in the U.S. (History Books) b. Impact: This planted the seed that would trigger a world wide sensation of tobacco use and manufacturing. 3. Claim: The cigarette became the major tobacco product made and sold. Even in year 1901 3.5 billion cigarettes were sold and 6 billion cigars were sold.