Great Britain, although officially neutral, had an elite opinion favouring the Confederacy and a public opinion favouring the United States. Concerned largely with Free Trade, diplomacy and the evasion of all-out war against America, Great Britain influenced and contributed to the outcome of the Civil War by utilising its powerful position to cleverly invest themselves in industrial aspects of the war, which proved beneficial to its relations with America as a whole. The reasons for the Civil War were copious and complex, but the motivation and direct cause of the secession revolved around the election of President Abraham Lincoln. With his inauguration came his policy to abolish slavery, which he
When Nationalism began in the 1800’s during the French Revolution it made a powerful impact that united Germany and Italy into nation-states, divided empires such as the Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman, and led to the future outbreak of wars like the Franco-Prussian and Seven Week War with Austria. Nationalism was the force that caused unification of similar cultures, religions, languages, and traditions. The Levee en Masse brought out Nationalism in the French Revolution by stating, “The young men shall go forth to battle; the women will make tents, uniforms, and will serve in the hospitals; the old men will gather in public places to raise the courage of the warriors…” which encouraged the people to gather together to fight against the same enemy. (Document 1) Something else that encouraged the people to fight was the French National Anthem,
He also created an alliance with Italy for the Austro-Prussian War, or Seven Weeks War by promising them Venetia if they helped divide Austria’s army. However, he used this alliance as a way for France to be without an ally during the Franco-Prussian War in 1870. The Schleswig-Holstein Affair allowed Bismarck to take over Austria and obtain land for united Germany in which King Fredrick Wilhelm I could rule over. He was able to obtain Schleswig-Holstein by creating an alliance with Austria, just as a way to stop jealousy in Austria to stop the Dutch from taking over; they were successful. When the war was over, Austria received Schleswig and Prussia received Holstein.
During history it seems that nationalism manifested its self in an era of colapse of bounderies, economic expansion, mas migration, general insecurity, drastic militarisation, which finaly led to war. Nations went to war against all that, in an atempt to preserve the things taken away by the string of events pointed out earlier. The chalenge of modernity forced ancient ethnic groups to find new ways to ensure their survival by obtaining either power sharing or separate states. In general both modernists and nationalist agree that modernism provides the main reasons for nationalist conflicts. In that context globalization has been described either the next logical step from modernism or as a separate event called postmodernity.
Kleindutch supporters saw in Prussia a more cohesive state, which was less archaic and more progressive economically. Also Bismark was more determined to prepare his army and do anything to unify with Prussia. It was the famous blood and iron theory. Also his international diplomacy was a key figure on the unification with Germany. Between 1864 and 1865 he promoted an alliance with Austria reasoning that this would allay the fears of the southern German states, which were more naturally inclined towards Vienna than Berlin.
They saw the quickly growing countries as a threat, this all lead to the First and Second World War. The great conflagrations of the 20th century were caused by the leadership, nationalism and revolutionary tactics of the unified Germany and Italy. One of the main factors that made the unifications of both Germany and Italy to become so drastic were the leaders. These men caused the shift of power in Europe; basically resulting in conflagrations of the twentieth century, mainly the first and second World Wars. Both Count Camillo Cavour of Italy and Prussian Prime Minister Otto Von Bismarck brought their respective nations to unify in their own respective ways.
The main type of nationalism is ethnocentric nationalism, the idea that a certain nation is of higher rank over other nations and races. The development of Nationalism began in the 19th century and reached its climax in the 20th century, near the time of World War I. If ethnocentric nationalism is ever combined with other types of nationalism such as expansionist nationalism it can motivate war and genocide. Undoubtedly one of the most important causes of World War I was nationalism. Nationalism provoked revolutions and strong nationalist’s movements in the 19th century, where the unification of Germany, and Italy, and the independence of Belgium came about.
Other factors are such as French revolutionary ideas swept across Europe, 1848 Revolutions, Prussian economic and military strength. French Revolution was the first major success in Europe, which left his long term effects on Europe. It gave nations the idea of freedom, nationalism, national unity, so it was the kick to unification. German people became more united against Napoleon. At that time Bismarck wasn’t even born.
Introduction Nation States saw a major resurgence during the post industrial revolution period of the 1860’s and 1870’s. By 1871, Europe was remapped with the rise of two newly united nations - the Kingdom of Italy and the German Empire. The unification movements of both countries took place at roughly the same time in the mid-19th century and were inspired by the Revolution in France and Napoleonic age and motivated by the same historical trends - that of liberalism and nationalism. The movements were led by two fierce nationalists Italian Prime Minister Camilo di Cavour and Chief Minister Otto Von Bismarck.The following discussion presents a comparison of the two unifications. Pre-1815 Firstly ,before the French Revolution and Napoleon Bonaparte, both Italy and Germany shared some similar features.
Following this, Bismarck turned his attention to Austria as he wanted them out of the Bund so he could fulfil his vision of a unified Germany under Prussian leadership. This war between Prussia and Austria proved to be a success for Bismarck as 21 states north of the River Main formed a new German state under Prussian leadership and he also took over Schleswig, Holstein, Hesse-Cassel, Frankfurt and Hanover under Prussian control. All of this new power meant that Bismarck was another step closer towards a unified Germany as he had gained full control of the German states that had been under control by its enemy. The final reason and believed key factor to German unification was Bismarck’s victory in the Franco Prussian War. As France threatened to declare war due to Bismarck’s manipulation, this caused