According to Tappan’s (1947 p.100, quoted in Muncie et al 2010 p.4) “crime is an intentional act in violation of criminal law (statutory or case law), committed without defence or excuse and penalised by the state as a felony or misdemeanour”. In other words crime may be known as an act deliberately committed which breaches legal conduct punishable by state. This is a common understanding of crime today but unfortunately crime is not as simple as being a breach of law. The study of crime is vast and under constant debate. Crime is ever changing varying culturally, globally and historically.
Two Models/Criminal Process Ashley Lawrence CJA/364 June 8,2013 Mathew Taylor Two Models/Criminal Process Two models within the criminal justice system play very important roles. One may say that within the political world the two models may even conflict with each other. Crime control model may be more liberal focusing on society and crime, which as for due process is to focus more on a fair opportunity for the one that is accused and many see it as conservative. The 4th, 5th, 6th, and fourteenth amendment all play important roles within the due process model, and the criminal justice system, to make sure everyone is given a fare trial. Due process occurs when fare treatment is given throughout the judicial system.
If we want to sell our own products with other countries it is necessary to learn of their cultures, languages, needs and wants to be successful. Another example of the relationships of global and diversity awareness is the changing demographics of the country. As the population grows, more and more work force will be of people of different races and genders. People will have to interact with each other in this kind of situation. I personally see the world being impacted by global and diversity awareness with the recent hate crime and bulling is being addressed more and more every day.
The colonialists would use their superior power to force the local inhabitants into a labour force, some may call this exploitation and in many cases it was but along with all this exploitation and violence was a new found infrastructure government system. There were many positives that followed colonialism as I mentioned above but in order for the colonialists to establish this new way of life amongst the local people much blood followed and new diseases to which the local people had no immunity. Recently there has been this outcry by the “oppressed” countries that the western countries should pay reparations for slavery and colonialism to minorities and natives of the third world. Personally I think this is a ridiculous point to try and make. There is nothing uniquely western about colonialism.
The idea that social order is a necessity to survive is a certain perspective that focuses upon the Macro level of conflict. Focusing on Macro Conflict has changed my views on international and national conflict because I feel there needs to be a better process to solve conflict on larger scales. Processes like the ones we use take years of change. Some examples of this are, the fighting of apartheid in South Africa, the struggle for equality of whites and blacks in America, and Gandhi and the Indians using nonviolent protesting on the English. All of these were successful but took years to complete.
Crime and deviance are culturally defined and therefore relative, as a culture evolves so do definitions of both deviance and crime. These changes are likely to change at different rates. Crime, which is defined legally, often taking longer to evolve and keep pace with social evolution - due to the time taken to write, pass and enact new criminal laws. It is the society within which a person live which defines whether an action or behaviour is deviant. An act which is deviant at one time in a society may in previous or later times not be considered such.
Many peoples’ understanding of ‘crime’ would not be more than the simple idea that crime can be defined as ‘the breaking of the (criminal) law’, and understand it in real terms as referring to things such as murder, rape, assault and burglary. While this simple understanding is in part correct, as it fits within the legal definition of crime, it is really only the starting point in gaining a deeper understanding of ‘crime’. While the above listed crimes are readily accepted as being things
There are many theories relating to deviance and crime with each theory illustrating a different aspect of the procedure by which people break rules and are classed as deviants or criminals. (New texts pg 138) which highlights the problems in defining crime or deviance. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CRIME AND DEVIANCE Many believe crime and deviance has developed on separate tracks over the years as criminologist serve only for legality, crime and crime-related phenomena. The study of deviance however serves for a wider range of behaviours that are not necessarily illegal for example suicide, alcoholism, homosexuality, mentally disordered behaviours. (Bader et al) The main difference between crime and deviance is deviant behaviour is when a social norm has been broken whereas a crime is where a formal and social norm is broken.
How can he help it?” Judges in the UK do develop the law through both the operation of the doctrine of judicial precedent and statutory interpretation. In precedent, judges were thought to not make new law. However, it is now recognised that they do use precedent to create new law or extent old principles in various areas. In criminal law, judges have played a major role in developing the law on intention (Vickers 1957 – intention for murder includes intention to cause GBH, later was confirmed in Cunningham 1982; or Moloney 1985, Nedrick 1986 and Woolin 1998 and the law on foresight of consequences in relation with intention). Judicial decisions have also effectively created new crime as in Shaw v. DPP (1962) – offence of conspiracy to corrupt public morals, or R v. R (1991) – rape within marriage is a crime.
Describing crime and deviance is varied across different cultures; history; social situations and place. It will look at the bodies that measure crime and look at the reasons why they are not accurate. There are several differences between crime and deviance, deviance is a violation of the social norms whereas crime is a violation of the laws of the land. Society has no power for deviance but the government can punish with crime. Much behaviour that was seen as deviant in the past has today become a criminal offence, as with crime behaviour seen as criminal is now seen as deviant.