With the replacement of the Girondins faction in 1793, the Jacobins had complete control of the National Convention, and France as a nation. Both the Jacobins and Robespierre wanted quick change. The ‘quick change’ desired by these individuals was a monumental task that proved nearly impossible considering the highly divided 600-member legislature in France at the time. Still, the driving force behind the Terror would not have been present if not for the Jacobins Club. Even though the Jacobins were completely controlling the government after the arrest of the Girondins, they still feared that the Revolution would fail if they failed making them very unstable.
“It is more accurate to talk of a potential revolution which ran away into the sand than the genuine article” Before we can assess whether a ‘genuine’ revolution took place in 1918, or if held many promises and yet failed to deliver, we must look at the term ‘Revolution’. This often refers to a substantial change in power/structure that takes place within a short time span. Germany was in a vulnerable position, susceptible to change as the defeat in the war had shaken people’s faith in the government. There was undoubtedly political changes undergone in Germany but whether they fundamentally shook the German foundations of society can be seriously questioned. It can be argued that the ’Weimar Republic’ , the outcome of the revolution was a facade of the old authoritarian regime, carrying out change under false pretences of a democratic institution, with the Right Wing Conservatives still in control.
This may suggest that the revolution was a massive success, while the truth of the matter is that any of these results that were actually carried forward for a long period of time were severely altered to fit the government’s and the Tsar’s desires. Some historians suggest that the major cause for the failure of the revolution was solely the dissolution of the revolutionaries. I however, do accept that this was a major factor but do not believe that it is the sole cause. On the one hand, one could argue that the reason for the failure of the revolution was clearly the dissolution of the revolutionaries. At no point in 1905 was the government threatened by wholesale, coordinated revolutionary activity.
Effectively the act benefited the middle classes, who were now given an electoral voice in parliament, while the working classes were largely ignored, causing widespread anger and resentment for the act, and all those it benefited. The huge number of working classes wanted to be represented, and the act was yet more salt in the wound. If you were to gather up dates for the most widespread Chartist appreciation in Britain and put this on a graph alongside the economies peaks and troughs, the results would no doubt roughly mirror each other. For Chartism excelled during times of economic disturbance, particularly the late 30’s. This ran alongside the blossoming industrialisation of Britain, areas such as Stockport and Cheshire undergoing radical change were often the strongest supports of Chartism.
General George Washington’s strategy of erosion effectively outlasted Great Britain’s will to fight a costly war on American soil. Comparatively, Great Britain wholly underestimated the colonists and did not employ a coherent strategy but rather relied on a poorly executed belief that colonial support for the war would disappear with the occupation of key American cities. Roots of the American Revolution reside in a series of laws and taxes implemented by the British government following their support of the colonies during French and Indian war. It is important to note that the French and Indian war was part of the much larger Seven Years war fought between 18th century powers Spain, Great Britain, France, and the Holy Roman Empire. While Great Britain emerged a victor of the Seven Years war, it was nearly bankrupt at its completion in 1763.
As the sailors were heroes of the 1917 revolution against the PG, their uprising came as a shock to the Bolsheviks, especially to Lenin. Nevertheless, Trotsky ordered the Red Guard to put down the uprising and Marshal Tukhachevshy rounded up the sailors, who shot them without a trial. Lenin realised that the peasants and some measure of economic liberalisation were essential for the regime to survive. Discontent could no longer be suppressed. Lenin said that the Kronstadt revolt was “the flash that lit up reality more than anything else”.
One major aspect that contributed to the Tsarist governments path towards the March Revolution is the decisions that we made by Tsar Nicholas II during WWI. The decisions that Tsar Nicholas II made during WWI made a huge impact towards the March Revolution. His distance as a leader is one trait that came to the surface during this time and heavily contributed to his downfall. The Tsar would avoid any aspect of political landscape that he didn’t like or that he found offensively modern. Just a few examples of things he would avoid are the left, public opinion, industry, the press and unions.
After the First World War there was an attempt to try to return to this form of economy but it failed leaving Britain’s economy exposed to huge levels of deflation with no effective plan to counteract in place. This led to the suspension of the gold standard along with capital controls and a policy of permanently low domestic interest rates being introduced. In 1929 a new government came into power, although they were not expected to come to an agreement to make cuts to the dole system they did stick strictly to the ‘orthodox treasury view’ in its fiscal and monetary policies. This was all done for a good reason as the labour government were worried that an inflationary policy would reduce the real wage of labour. The unemployed population may have been able
Did Germany face a bigger threat from the Left or Right wing between 1919-1923? From its start, the Weimar Republic experienced problems from both the Left and Right wing. The hatred for the government of those on the Left was encouraged by the successful Bolshevik Revolution in 1917 whilst the Right wing felt betrayed by a government who had allegedly stabbed them in the back by agreeing to the armistice and signing the Treaty of Versailles. However both threats from the Left and the Right had underlying problems, which made them easier to put down by the government. After the unsuccessful attempt at a revolution, which was easily repressed, the Left never fully recovered its momentum and did not have enough support to overthrow the government whereas although the Right attempts quickly fell short, the threat from the Right wing continued to grow.
As a result, it triggered a war between France and Britain. The Americans were involved in the war on the side of the British, but played a small role in the war. As a result, on 3 May 1744, a letter from Versailles was sent out telling of the declaration of war between Britain and France. The colony of New France began as an economic venture on the part of the mother country, France. It all came to an end because the French never viewed New France more than an economic venture and New France evidently fell.