Although they are eukaryotes like plants and animals, the major difference is that fungal cells have cell walls that contain chitin, unlike the cell walls of plants, which contain cellulose. Fungi lack the chlorophyll necessary for photosynthesis and must therefore live as parasites or saprophytes Parasites: plant or animal that at some stage of its existence obtains its nourishment from another living organism called the host. Parasites may or may not harm the host, but they never benefit it. They include members of many plant and animal groups, and nearly all living things are at some time hosts to parasitic forms. Many bacteria are parasitic on external and internal body surfaces; some of these invade the inner tissues and cause disease.
Theoretical Experiment 1. Introduction According to the U.S Food and Drug Administration (2011), there can be bacteria present on many different surfaces in the kitchen including cutting boards, sponges, counter tops, etc. In order to maintain the best food safety at home, it is important to choose the material that will be least likely to harbor bacteria. For years, consumers have wondered whether it is better to buy a wooden cutting board or a plastic one. Misner and Curtis (2008) talk about a research which shows that plastic cutting boards are nonporous and therefore easier to clean and safer for cutting meat and poultry.
Reticulum: in here, food and cellulose is digested by microbes ------ microbes are bacteria/ single celled eukaryotes ------ cows don't have enzymes to break down cellulose, so microbes do it for them ------ huge amounts of saliva create a good environment to help microbes digest the food ------ the food then goes back up to the esophagus to be chewed again and to make nutrients available for both cows and microbes --3. Omasum: water re absorption ------ Regurgitated food comes back as "cud" into reticulum and then to the Omasum --4. Abomasums: acidic environment where whatever is remaining is digested. excess microorganisms are harvested and digested. - NUTRIENTS (that they get): -- Sugars and proteins from grass are directly absorbed -- absorbing microbial digested grass molecules (cellulose --> glucose) --actual microorganisms themselves (they leak out sugars, fatty acids, etc.
September17.2013 P.4 Environmental Sources Of Bacteria Purpose: We did this lab to find out exactly which conditions would help to grow a bacterium the best. Materials: • Agar • Petri dish • Cotton • Incubator • Tape • Bacteria Procedure: 1. Mark bottom of Petri dish 2. Split petri dish into 4 sections and label the sections 3. Pour hot agar into dish 4.
Antibiotics are produced by microorganism because they inhibit the growth of or kill other microorganisms; they are effective in low concentrations and act on specific species of microorganisms. 3. List four different ways that the antibiotics work to destroy or inhibit microorganisms and for each give named example of an antibiotic exhibiting this type of mechanism. (Note: you need to indicate the different processes or structures affected not simply variations or subsets of a process) Inhibit cell-wall formation: blocks a specific cross linking step in the bacteria in the process of reproduction. E.g.
The streak plate technique is done to isolate a colony formed by a single cell from a mixture containing millions of cells. The streak plate technique was also used to obtain pure cultures of the bacteria using a trypticase soy agar (TSA) plate and was incubated at 37 ̊ for 48 hours. Secondly a Gram stain was performed as directed from exercise 6in the lab manual (Kleyn 37) and was found to be Gram negative Rods. The Gram stain is important to do because it reveals the morphology of the organism and the arrangement of the cells; if an organism appears purple under a microscope then it is said to be Gram positive, and if it
My bacterial plates did not grow any bacteria because our sterilization may have been eliminated. 2. LB/A/X+: There should have been a colony of bacteria with several splotches of blue because to new bacteria was created with the pBlu gene. LB/A/X-:There should have been bacterial growth because we put bacteria there and fed it. LB+:There should have been bacterial growth but no blue colonies because there was an anti-biotic acting against it.
The study of microscopic living organisms is termed microbiology. 2. The microbes in a cow’s gut include bacteria, fungi, and other small, single-celled organisms. These microbes digest cellulose, a material found in plant cell walls. These microbes are vital for cow nutrition because cows - and most animals - lack the enzyme cellulose and cannot digest cellulose.
Causes and Spread of Infection The differences between Bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites are Bacteria are found everywhere ie, air, water, soil, animals, people and food. It is a single cell micro-organism that retrieves its nutrition from the environment. Bacteria can only be seen through a microscope. They are shaped like short rods, spheres or spirals. It is stated on www.biologyinfo.com that, “Not all bacteria are harmful.
Genetically modified foods use the latest molecular biology techniques and are commonly used for growing crops for human or animal consumption. GM foods can create specific characteristics of plants or animals, such as the ably to withstand weather conditions(temperature), nutrition and they can keep food for a longer time period- for example, A genetically engineered tomato can sit in the fridge for about 2 weeks and still taste fresh and delicious , However the chemicals that the scientists use for GM foods could harm us, there are known effects on human health, A study of feeding rats GM potatoes died before the rats who ate the un modified potatoes. How can we make sure that the GM foods we put into our bodies is safe? The answer, No- Scientist don’t have enough information/research to prove that GE goods are safe for human consumption. Some of the knows health risks from GM are that in stores they do not have nutrition facts/ingredients for GM chemicals in the foods therefore people who have allergies to nuts est.