Humankind is divided into nations each possessing a distinctive character and separate identity. This is why a higher loyalty attaches to the nation. Hegel argued that the organic society is an expression of universal wills for example Volkism where people are bound by a sense of being one. Secondly Conservative nationalism is concerned with maintaining unity, authority and social stability and an example of this is Disraeli who appealed to the national instincts of the people by appealing to the idea of one nation to prevent social disorder. Patriotism and nationalism give a sense of identity and belonging and helps maintain authority and social order.
Both anarchist and liberals hold the individual to be of paramount importance. They assert that individual sovereignty should be at the heart of any society and that no restrictions on personal autonomy should exist. Furthermore, both ideologies share the belief that constraint on individual autonomy is evil, regardless of its origins. Anarchists have asserted that such restrictions are imposed by a sovereign state as a coercive and compulsory body. Liberals do not entirely reject this position, and therefore have an anti-statist vein.
The latter considers only the general interest, where as the former considers private interest and is merely the sum of private will” (Rousseau, pg 155). To understand the following quote is to know the significance and difference of the will of all and the general will. Rousseau believed the general will is always there with the interest of the people and the whole society first. For example Rousseau believed the general will is developed when no such partial society or large private associations exist. Rousseau believed that if their were to be a partial society, this would then be multiplied and would allow for the populace to be tricked and thus be the end of the general will and the beginning of the will of all.
Unit 7- social perspective for social care P1- explain the principle sociological perspectives Functionalism- is a sociological approach that sees the institutions of society as working in close harmony with each other, making specific and clear contributions to the smooth running of society. Functionalism is the structuralism theory which means that it sees the individual as less important than the organisation of society as a whole. Society is more important because the individual is produced by society. People are the product of all the social influences on them. For example the nature vs nurture debate.
Rousseau’s General Will Jean-Jacques Rousseau wanted to find a form a political association in which naturally free individuals can join with each other as a member of the sovereign, and makes laws that apply equally to all. Rousseau uses the concept of General Will as a means by which a group of people enter into this social contract. The General Will is constructed by the people who in turn obey it as citizens. The separate wills, rights and desires of each member of a society brought together as a single unit is the General Will. The idea of the general will is at the heart of Rousseau's philosophy.
Discuss the meaning of the term balancing conflicting interests. Critically analyse the extent to which the law does balance conflicting interests and discuss any difficulties it faces in doing so? First we must discuss the theorists and what they thought the law did about conflicting interests and whether the law is able to balance these or not. Firstly Karl Marx said that the law was made for the benefit of those who own the capital to ensure the continued oppression of the workers. Therefore the law did not resolve conflicting interests but imposed the interests of one group over another.
According to John Locke, a philosopher who contributed to classical liberalism's vitality, the protection of individuals' "life, liberty, and property" is their natural rights (Jones 227). The thoughts of classical liberalism revolves so much around the individual that Locke believes the people had the right to coalesce into a revolutionary force and systematize a new form of government, or a social contract, as they pleased. Due to the importance of the individual, classical liberalism favors immigrants and people of all classes. Ideally, the judgment of people
Although democratic practices were on the way in the capitalist countries, he asserted that democratic politics possessed no advancement. Their destinations are totally different. Thoreau’s Civil Disobedience was the first great declaration of the right and duty to commit civil disobedience, which intended to set the demands of conscience above the demands of the law and the ruling authorities, to keep human’s moral obligation which was to resist evil, to make the democracy and justice come true. Nietzsche, on the other side, aimed to rebuild the deposed hierarchy system of the society, to realize elite politics that only a small group of people manage the society. From this perspective, their reasons for nonviolence are also divergent for their
Functionalist explanations of inequality Functionalists argue that inequalities have a purpose: they are functional for society. Functionalism is a structural theory based on the notion that society is based on shared values. This consensus means that society will be in a state of equilibrium and there is harmony, as a result of which will be social solidarity. Inequalities, functionalists argue, exist in all societies and are inevitable and necessary. Durkheim and inequality Durkheim argued that: Industrialised societies are complex.
In it he gives his distinctive theory of justice. According to Rawls, the main idea of the theory of justice is that the principles of justice are for the basic structure of society. The two principles that he presents are the following. First: each person is to have an equal right to the most extensive basic liberty compatible with a similar liberty for others. Second: social and economic inequalities are to be arranged so that they are both (a) reasonably expected to be to everyone’s advantage, and (b) attached to positions and offices open to all.