The revolt started on a wintery Sunday, 22nd of January when a peaceful, mildly reformist, protest march in St. Petersburg was shot at by troops with up to two hundred marchers killed and hundreds more being injured earning the appropriate name of “Bloody Sunday”. This protest was the turning point of the joyful relationship the Tsar had maintained with the Russian population. Rather than squelching the protests, the repression fanned the flames of rebellion. The peaceful demonstration now known as Bloody Sunday, led by Father Gapon, was not, in any way, a political protest, but a plea for help. Father Gapon carried the Workers Petition, in which the Peasants and working class people asked for assistance from the Tsar, by improving working conditions and reducing the hours required for working on their land.
The reactionary reign of Alexander III led to a tightening of government control and the persecution of minority groups, such as Jews, within the Empire. Another long-term cause of the 1905 Revolution was the worsening conditions of both peasants and urban workers. The famines in 1897, 1898 and 1901 had led to shortage and distress in the countryside. Living and working conditions in Russia’s industrial towns were no better. Workers worked in poorly ventilated factories for long hours and little pay.
The CCP survived during the Nanjing decade was due to the Futian incident in 1930. This is when Mao led a violent two month purge against a rival unit within the Jiangxi Red Army. This involved the torture and mass execution of 3000 officers and men considered to be either GMD supporters or supporters of Li lisan who was also Mao’s rival. This act enabled him to wipe out any spies or people who were not fully attached to the CPP and lacks belief that they are going to be victorious. This could be seen as a key event for CCP because this gave the CCP supporters a wakeup call and made them stronger as a team.
Poor harvests, famine, a lack of freedom and repressive policies meant that Russia was a country that was teetering on the brink of revolution long before dissatisfied factory workers marched on the Winter Palace in St Petersburg. Some of the causes of the 1905 revolution were due to poor working and living conditions. For instance, up to 15 people would share one room to live in, because of this demonstrations such as the one outside the Winter Palace commonly known as Bloody Sunday took place. 100’s were killed due to horrific misunderstanding by the Russian army. In many ways this helped fuel Russian Revolt.
In an attempt to increase their wages, industrial workers went on strike. The Tsar’s indecisiveness, the reality of him continuing the war against Germany although there were many thousands of casualties and the rest of Russia was starving due to the bad transportation systems, and the fact that he had broken his promises from the October Manifesto after the
How accurate is it to say growth of reformist groups in the years from 1881 was the main cause of 1905 revolution? Long term- social • 80% peasants- poverty- a lot of ppl against him as he was making them work like slaves- should have helped them because majority & produce the food • Peasants reacted to famine with violence= had enough- attacked gov officials & destroyed gov land holding records • Poor working & living conditions- why wasn’t the Tsar * Agricultural crisis: peasants had huge debts; not enough land for everyone; famine. * Rapid industrialisation: over populated cities; workers living in slums; wages low; hours long. Long term – political • Autocracy- gave Tsar all power but was mostly helping upper class • No elected national parliament= demand for political reform • Reformers had nothing in common apart hate for Tsar= desperation * ruled by a Tsar, who had complete control over the country. However, he was a weak ruler and failed to rule his people properly * he treated opposition with violence and the Okhrana (the secret police) * Political repression; compared with other countries democracies; Tsar was VERY WEAK and easily influenced.
During the 1905 revolution over (100 people were killed 300 and were wounded; as they fought for their civil liberties. The October Manifesto appeased all of the classes (peasants, middle and working class) by promising different liberties the classes were fighting for. By signing a peace treaty with Japan, the Tsar raised his troops morale and also he paid them what they were owned (back pay). Because the army was still loyal to the Tsar, he sent his troops to crush the opposition, this attracted more hatred toward the Tsar. It was clear that the Tsar had to clear the newly formed alliance between the classes; but even thought they never really worked together they were still deadly as a whole.
Although the Tsar wasn't in the palace at the time, the police feared trouble and sent the troops to disperse the demonstration. In doing so the troops shot and killed almost a thousand workers. This day became known as Bloody Sunday and was the event that signalled the start of the 1905 Revolution. During this revolution there were peasant uprisings, strikes, and demands for political reform. There were a number of reasons for the outbreak of the revolution, but how responsible for the outbreak, was the war?
The first revolution in 1917 overthrew the Tsar, hoping that a new government would be formed, and that this new government would end the war. The war had caused the price of food to be multiplied by seven, had weakened the government, which received less money since alcohol sale had been forbidden, and the state had a monopoly on alcohol. The soldiers sent to the front were exhausted and had lost hope, and many of them did not want to fight anymore. Thus, when the Provisional Government came to power and did not do anything to end the war, people were still hungry and angry. This is very important because food is one of the most important and basic things people want, and lots of revolutions broke out because of famine.
How far were threats to Mao’s position from rivals within the CCP responsible for Mao’s decision to launch the Cultural Revolution? There is evidence to suggest the Mao launched the Cultural Revolution due to threats to his position from rivals within the CCP. Mao believed that the changed Deng Xiaoping and Liu Shaoqi bought to China was evidence that they wanted to turn China into a capitalist society. Mao also aimed to renew the revolutionary spirit. However, other factors must be considered including Mao’s attempts of starting a permanent revolution, testing the younger members of the party and undermining bureaucrats and intellectuals.