Use of trays for fiber optic installation: Cables in ducts and trays are not subjected to tensile forces. But for vertical runs, this must be carefully designed to minimize the tensile force applied to the vertical run fiber cables. Long vertical runs must be clamped at intermediate points to prevent excessive tensile loading on the fiber cable. The clamping force should be applied over as long a length of the fiber optic cable as practical. One major consideration when planning cable duct and trays is the bending radius, the bends must have smooth curves.
The Strap must be attached to the top plate of the wall frame or embedded in the bond beam in at least one place. D. Double Wrap Both Metal Straps must be secured to every rafter/truss with a minimum of 3 nails, wrapping over and securing to the opposite side of the rafter/truss with a minimum of 1 nail. Each Strap must be attached to the top plate of the wall frame or embedded in the bond beam in at least one place. E. Structural Anchor bolts structurally connected or reinforced concrete roof. F. Other: G. Unknown or Unidentified H. No attic access 5.
How deep must the cable be buried? It must be 42 inches under the top of the pavement. 6. What are the exact detailed compaction requirements as listed in the manual provided by the city for restoration of any surface that is trenched? The backfill material needs to be compacted in lifts of loose depth that does not exceeding 8 inches and compacted to at least 95% of Standard Proctor Density at optimum moisture content, +/- two percentage points, as determined by ASTM D698 or provide the City with suitable advanced technology compaction testing methods, as approved by the Director 7.
Effect of Local Steel Slag as a Coarse Aggregate on Properties of Fly Ash Based-Geopolymer Concrete O. M. Omar, A. M. Heniegal, G. D. Abd Elhameed, H. A. Mohamadien Abstract—Local steel slag is produced as a by-product during the oxidation of steel pellets in an electric arc furnace. Using local steel slag waste as a hundred substitutes of crushed stone in construction materials would resolve the environmental problems caused by the large-scale depletion of the natural sources of dolomite. This paper reports the experimental study to investigate the influence of a hundred replacement of dolomite as a coarse aggregate with local steel slag, on the fresh and hardened geopolymer concrete properties. The investigation includes traditional testing
It contains around 1,300,000 blocks ranging in weight from 2.5 tons to 15 tons and is built on a square base with sides measuring about 230m (775 ft.) covering 13 acreas! Today it is only 137m (455 ft.) high, the 9m (30 ft.) that is missing is due to the theft of the fine quality limestone covering or casing stones, by the Ottoman Turks in the 15 century A.D. to build houses and Mosques in Cairo.
LO1 Understand the properties and use of construction materials 1.1 describe the properties of construction materials 1.2 evaluate the properties and uses of construction materials 1.3 justify the specification of construction materials regarding their performance in use LO2 Understand the structural behaviour of construction materials 2.1 discuss the effects of loading structural materials 2.2 compare the behaviour of timber, steel and reinforced concrete structural members under load LO3 Be able to apply scientific principles to the design and use of buildings 3.1 relate scientific principles to human comfort levels 3.2 discuss the methods used to integrate building services into the overall building design 3.3 determine the thermal performance of buildings regarding heat gains and heat losses LO4 Be able to solve scientific problems in construction and the built environment 4.1 perform scientific experiments associated with construction science and materials 4.2 derive conclusions from the results of the scientific experiments To gain a Merit it is necessary to satisfy all the learning outcomes and at least one characteristic from each Merit Criteria M1 – M3: Merit Descriptors | Indicative Characteristics
Use E = 29.6 Ksi and I = 60,000 inch4. Figure 1: Floor plan and elevation drawings Thickness of concrete slab | = 6 inches (Assume density of concrete = 150 lbs/ft3) | Weight of insulation | = 3 PSF | Weight of metal deck | = 5 PSF | Weight of shear studs | = 2 PSF | Weight of HVAC | = 6 PSF | Miscellaneous dead loads | = 10 PSF | Weight of occupants | = 120 PSF | Weight of Snow | = 15 PSF | Total Weight | = 236 PSF | *NOTE: Assume that the total load acts on all floors evenly even though the snow and HVAC load would really only act on the roof and the insulation would only act on the roof and walls* Table 1: Given numerical values Task 1 – Label beams girders and columns Based on the given floor plan, identify and label beams, girders, and columns. Use the same labels for all symmetrical structural elements (for example, if two beams will carry the same load, assign them a similar label, such as B1). C1 C2 C2 C1 C4 C4 C4 C4 C3 C3 C3 C3 C1 C1 C2 C2 Figure 2: Column Labels for all Floors
By FY2006, the agency’s real property portfolio consisted of approximately 8,847 structures and buildings, with a replacement value of approximately 68.8 billion dollars. Other than the General Services Administration, twenty-seven other federal agencies have autonomous leasing and landholding authorities, which assist them in constructing or acquiring particular kinds of buildings. The General Services Administration is in charge of the construction as well as design of its buildings, in addition to being in charge of repairs and alterations to facilities that are already in existence. Assuring federal employees’ physical safety as well as that of the private nationals who frequent buildings that the federal government has leased or owns is a prime goal of the General Services Administration (Smith, 2). However, before the bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Building in Oklahoma City in 19 April 1995, the federal government had not officially instituted security standards for federally owned/leased facilities.
Assuming that Pausanias’ Erechtheion is the same building which we today call the Erechtheion, the building has a very odd shape to it. Although the main building is rectangular and approximately 24mx13m, there are other elements of the building which vary greatly from other ancient Greek monuments. The main building was built of marble on poros foundations. A third type of stone was used in the frieze as the background, Eleusinian stone (Wycherley, 147). The frieze ran around the entire main building, and the figures were carved of white marble and attached to the dark background, creating a dramatic effect.
Houses were built from stone walls and roofed with pole and thatch. This was the basic home for lower level Mayan people. However, the Mayan kings lived in huge homes like palaces (Sharer, 111). Pyramids were severely inclined with decorative foundations and stairs that were not able to be climbed. Facades were also made with copious amounts of decorations and serpentine elements that integrated the rain god, Chaac (Mayan Architectural Styles).