Community Health and Population-Focused Nursing (C228) – Task #2 TUBERCULOSIS Stephanie Sanderson Western Governors University Mentor: Mikki Naught October 12, 2014 Tuberculosis Tuberculosis (or, “TB”) has existed throughout history. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (or, M. tuberculosis) is the causative bacterium in most cases of TB. M. tuberculosis was first described by Robert Koch in March of 1882. Presently, it is one of the world’s deadliest diseases (www.cdc.gov). In 2013, more than 9500 cases of TB were reported in the United States alone; during the previous year, there were about 1.3 million TB-related deaths, worldwide.
According to the United States Census Bureau, roughly 55% obtain insurance through an employer, while about 10% purchase it directly. About 31% of Americans were enrolled in a public health insurance program: 14.5% (45 million – although that number has since risen to 48 million) had Medicare, 15.9% (49 million) has Medicaid, and 4.2% (13 million) had military health insurance (there is some overlap, causing percentages to add up to more than 100%). The percentage of non-elderly workers with employer-sponsored coverage has been falling, from 68% in 2000 to 61% in 2009, the latest year for which data is available. While the primary cause of falling rates of insurance is the rising cost of health care for employers, the economic downturn since
Most cases are from international exposure during traveling. In 1989-91 there were 55,622 cases of measles in the US. There were 123 deaths. Measles was more prevalent in Hispanic and Blacks. Cause of the outbreak was a decreased vaccination rate.
It could affect up to 150,000 people and kill 300 in a single year. The latest figures from the Health Protection Agency reported 4,791 cases in 2012 - 1,230 in August alone. There were only 908 cases in the whole of 2008 during the last outbreak. Scotland has reported 508 cases up to mid-June while Northern Ireland had 139 cases up to mid-July. Both figures are significantly higher than for the previous year.
Gonorrhea Outline and Reference Page Ebonee Studstill December 2, 2013 HLTH 503 Dr. John Ejezie Gonorrhea I. Gonorrhea is the second most commonly reported STD in the United States. 300,000 cases were reported in 2011. The incidence of reported gonorrhea among blacks is 17 times the rate among whites. 4 II. Neissera is usually found in the upper respiratory tract of humans, Neissera gonorrhoeae is never part of the normal flora.
In 2007 The National Collation for the Homeless surveyed 50 cities and found that in all cases the amount of homeless in the city greatly outnumbered the amount of emergency and transitional living homes by as much as 24 percent as compared to 19 percent in 2005. A national survey conducted in 2007 by USA Today estimated that 1.6 million American’s live without shelter on the streets. This year the Annual Homeless Assessment Report to Congress (AHAR) estimated that 3.9 million Americans would experience homelessness in any given year, and of that 3.9 million 20 percent would remain
Around two thirds of the global total are living with HIV in that area. Statistics show that in 2009 around 1.3 million people died from AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa. An estimated amount of 1.8 million people became infected with HIV in the same region. (HIV and AIDS in Africa) African countries have made initiatives for prevention plans against Aids. The Aids Prevention plan in Africa; whether it is abstinence or safe sex.
That is more deaths than the combined total for HIV, illegal drug use, alcohol use, motor vehicle injuries, suicides, and murders. The American Cancer Society’s chairman John R. Seffrin said, “The most preventable cause of death in our society is tobacco.” According to the World Health Organization, cancers are the first killers of human beings, and 70% of cancers are related to lung cancer caused by smoking cigarettes. In America, 23.1% of men, which is 24.8 million, are smokers, and 18.3% of women, which is 21.1 million, are smokers. Over one billion people smoke cigarettes regularly. In the world, 5.4 million people died of smoking cigarettes in 2010.
In the late 1940s to the early 1950s, in the United States alone, polio crippled around 35,000 people each year making it one of the most feared diseases of the twentieth century. By 1979 the country had become polio free. There were 1,195 cases reported in 2006. Polio incidences has dropped more than 99.9 percent since the launch of global polio eradication efforts in 1988. According to global polio surveillance data from October 23, 2013, 301 polio cases have been reported from the following countries: Afghanistan, Cameroon, Nigeria, Pakistan, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, and South Sudan.
Most deaths occur among children living in Africa where a child dies every 45 seconds of malaria and the disease accounts for approximately 20% of all childhood deaths (WHO 2010). Malaria is a major cause of illness and death in Ghana, particularly among children and pregnant women in Ghana. In 2006, malaria accounted for 38.6% of all outpatient illnesses and 36.9% of all admissions (MOH, 2009). Malaria prevalence per thousand populations was 171 and 2,835 malaria-attributable deaths (all ages) representing 19% of all deaths were recorded. Infection rates are high in children peaking at more than 80% in those aged 5 – 9 years and falling to low levels in adults (MOH, 2009).