A catapult is a device used to throw or hurl a projectile a great distance without the aid of explosive devices—particularly various types of ancient and medieval siege engines. [1] Although the catapult has been used since ancient times, it has proven to be one of the most effective mechanisms during warfare. The word 'catapult' comes from the Latin 'catapulta', which in turn comes from the Greek καταπέλτης (katapeltēs), itself from (kata), "downwards"[2] + πάλλω (pallō), "to toss, to hurl". [3][4] Catapults were invented by the ancient Greeks. [5][6] Contents [hide] 1 Greek and Roman catapults 2 Modern use 3 Models 4 See also 5 Notes 6 External links [edit]Greek and Roman catapults Ancient mechanical artillery: Catapults (standing), the chain drive of Polybolos (bottom center), Gastraphetes (on wall) Roman 'catapult-nest' in the Dacian Wars The early history of the catapult and the crossbow in Greece are closely intertwined.
These Chinese explorations were really helpful, but also really expensive because of the large timber ships that they built. The government put a policy shift against voyages, and put a greater focus on domestic matters. The Members of the Ming Court advocated a greater focus on domestic and continental matters, emphasizing agricultural production, internal stability, a military buildup and colonization at the edges of the Central Asian steppe, and refurbishment of the Great Wall, designed to repel invaders (DOC 3, 4). Even though China had earlier technological innovations than Europe did (DOC 2) Europe still succeeded because China was governed by ignorant
The Mesopotamians were the first to use chariots in war, in 2400 BC. The chariot diffused fast to other human societies all over the world, mainly because it had become an efficient military weapon (Publins, 2013). The Hittites, for instance, relied on it to establish their first Kingdom in 1700 BC. By 1300 BC, the chariot had already penetrated into China from the Northwest. Since the kingdoms and societies using this vehicle in war were found to be superior based on the size of their chariots, it became a master weapon and spread all over the world within a short time.
The book, Art of War, reveals several aspects of Chinese military warfare that differs from the Romans. While Chinese warfare was more concerned with tactics and strategies to The Chinese empire was very successful in many of their militaristic endeavors because they used many clever warfare strategies. In Sun Tzu’s book, Art of War, the primary strategy the Chinese empire implemented was focused on gaining absolute control over enemy forces. Manipulating and weakening the enemy was crucial in order to gain control over the enemy. Using the terrain to the enemy’s disadvantage and to the army’s advantage was one way Sun Tzu implemented his strategy.
The Nile River, in particular, was an aspect of agriculture whose impact on African societies would change the way we see it today. The ancient Egyptian civilization developed along the Nile River, where the soil was rich and the agricultural opportunities were plentiful. The Nile River cut through something of an arid landscape, so the people clustered along the riverbanks, where, in addition to farms, they constructed towns and cities. Though we often think of ancient Egypt in terms of massive construction projects, such as the pyramids, most Egyptians lived in smaller towns. Unlike the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, the Nile floods at a predictable time of the year and in relatively predictable stages.
This was a means of supporting one another. They also domesticated animals and planted crops which is significant to our way of living today Mesopotamia is one of the first complex societies in the world with tens of thousands of people with different occupations. Social stratification was also in place. Farming year round they used more durable tools unlike those used by Neolithic farmers. Although archaeologists are unsure of who invented the wheel, it appeared during Mesopotamian times.
Fireworks provide the public with spectacular and mesmerizing explosions that leave the audience in awe, but how do they work? The art of fireworks first originated in ancient China, where the very first firework or firecracker were bamboo shoots filled with gun powder. They were exploded at the start of a new year to scare away evil spirits. Today, modern fireworks are still used in celebrations to mark special occasions. However, throughout the years the mechanics of how fireworks are made slightly became more advanced.
The A-frame acts as a fulcrum which allows the users strength to be maximized thus lifting a lot more water, then other conventional methods. The shaduf was used to allocate water from a well into buckets which were then used to water crops. Most of the farming in Egypt was done in an oasis called Fayum. Since the ground was saturated with water, farmers could build dikes or canals to move from the oasis out into the farm land to water their crops. Neither the shaduf, or irrigation ditches would have been used to great effect if it were not for the basic’s of geometry.
Because Britain is not in a favourable location, but a island. So Britain need more ships, guns that could shoot the people on the other side. Such a huge disadvantage 4,000 years ago, became a huge plus from the 17th century. Guns, compasses, ocean-going ships which were originally pioneered in the East but which, thanks to geography, proved more useful in the West. Since then, science and technology constitute the primary productive force.
China was a country of dynastic splendor, such as the Manchu Dynasty in the 1900s, but was later on tainted by imperialism. At first, Chinese had become very advanced in many areas, like astronomy, mathematics, etc. However, due to its isolation and lack of modernization, it became weaker than the other nations. Knowing this, aforementioned nations like Japan and Europe began to spread their influence and power into China. Imperialism became a huge component of China’s history, from 1839 to 1935.