nRunning head: NURSING THEORY 1 Nursing Theory Akwasi Agyemang Chamberlain College of Nursing NR501: Theoretical Basis For Advanced Nursing Practice May 2015 NURSING THEORY Nurses can use nursing theory as tool to help guide their practice. I personally define nursing theory as the mechanism that guide nurses and provide explanation to nursing interventions. It is defined by Croyle (2012) as an organized and systematic articulation of a set of statements related to questions in the discipline of nursing. The theories guide nursing practice and provide a foundation for clinical decision making. In the past, nurses were seen as assistive personnels and were often described as handmaiden to physician (Croyle, 2012).
She attributes the development of her theory to her personal views about nursing and her studies in psychology. Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring was developed in 1979. Her theory is well-known and used by nurses globally. As cited by Jesse (2010), Watson’s intention was “to bring meaning and focus for nursing as an emerging discipline and distinct health profession with unique values, knowledge, practices, ethics, and mission” (p. 112). Jean Watson’s theory is composed of the major concepts the first is carative factors, second a transpersonal relationship, and third the nurse-patient interaction, a caring moment.
The roles of nurses in each phase of the nursing process will be discussed. Skills and qualities of nurses in delivering quality care, evidence-based practice, multi-disciplinary team approach, and effective communication will also be considered in relation to nursing process. ASSESSMENT Assessment is the first step of the nursing process. It is defined by Carpenito-Moyet (2007) as an organised technique to collect information about a patient from different sources. In this phase, evidence of the problem and risks for problems are being examined.
Running Head: A CENTRAL THEME OF NURSING: THE NURSE –PATIENT RELATIONSHIP A Central Theme of Nursing: The Nurse-Patient Relationship Melia B. Maketo Fall 2009 Melia B. Maketo, Clayton State School of Nursing, Nursing Student A Central Theme of Nursing: The Nurse-Patient Relationship The American Nurses’ Association defines nursing as the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human responses, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations. It is a dynamic and flexible career; centered on the holistic well-being of the individual. With this in mind, nurses must have the ability to use their knowledge and skills to think critically in order to provide the best care possible. Perhaps the most important factor of providing quality care is fostering a cohesive nurse-patient relationship. While nurses strive to nurture this relationship, the foundation and concepts from which it is derived are evident in the CCSU Conceptual Model.
She evidently highlights six key actions that assist nurses to easily expand and attend to human care (Cheng, 2006). The ultimate aim of this context is to examine Jean Watson’s theory of caring and its implications for both patients and nurses. This paper begins by outlining the overview of the theory before looking at how she brought out the idea of caring moment and how it can apply to daily lives of people (Potter & Perry, 1999). In 1979 Watson’s established the theory of human caring also called theory of transpersonal caring or the caring model. The theory has undergone evolution for several years, but its root principal remains outstanding.
Interpersonal Process in Nursing According to the Taber’s Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary (2009), a theory is one or more relatively concrete and specific concepts derived from a conceptual model, the propositions that narrowly describe those concepts, and the propositions that state relatively concrete and specific relations between two or more of the concepts. Nursing theories offer an organized and systematic way to express statements related to questions in nursing, providing nurses with the opportunity to describe, predict, explain, and control phenomena related to their practice. Nursing theory is made up of four types: practice theory, middle range theory, grand theory, and metatheory. Regardless of its type, each nursing theory is composed of a group of four concepts designed to lead a nurse to actions that guide his or her practice: the person, the environment, health, and nursing itself , which include goals, roles, and functions (Keefe, 2009). The person, furthermore the interpersonal process, is the concept that will be focused on while reviewing the theories of Peplau, King, and Henderson.
Nursing philosophy “identifies what is believed to be the basic or central phenomena of the discipline, relates nursing to a particular world view, and provides some information on how one may come to learn about the world”. (p. 13, Salsberry, 2008). My personal philosophy of nursing evolved over the years and includes my observations, beliefs, thoughts, and practices. The purpose of this paper is to discuss my personal philosophy of nursing and the personal and professional experiences that have contributed to the development of my view of nursing. Nineteen ninety-four was a significant year for me; it was the year I began volunteering at the local children's hospital.
Dorothea Orem-Self Care Theory Dorothea Orem- Self Care Theory Dorothea Orem’s theory of self-care is based on three related theories: the theory of self- care, the theory of self-care deficit and the theory of nursing systems (Roussel, 2013). Dorothea Orem’s theories have become a central point in the progress of curriculum for numerous schools of nursing (Flynn & Heffron, 1988). According to Orem, it is the special focus on human beings that distinguishes or differentiates nursing from other human services (Nursing Theory, 2013). Orem’s viewpoint of nursing is centered on each person’s self-care agency. She defined self-care as, “the practice of activities that individuals personally initiate and perform on their own behalf in maintaining life, health, and well-being” (Nursing Theory, 2013).
In this theory, Orem concentrates mainly on self-care which she defines as “the performance or practice of activities that individuals initiate and perform on their own behalf to maintain life, health, and well-being” (Foster, 2010). Therefore, this theory encourages an individual’s participation in sustaining his or her own health. As discussed by Fawcett (2005), nursing models revolves around four metaparadigms of nursing: health, person, nursing and environment. In this paper, we will discuss Orem’s self-care deficit theory pertaining to the four metaparadigms and also the application of this theory to current clinical settings. Health Health is denoted by the World Health’s Organization as “a state of physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity” (“WHO definition of health 1948,” 2013, para.1).
Her grand theory began to develop, eventually labeled the Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory, and was adopted by the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association. The practical knowledge of self-care is the foundation for both dependent care and nursing care aiding nurses today in their practice. Of note, many subsequent clinical studies have demonstrated the implementation of Orem’s theory has had a positive effect on patients and nurses alike (Romeo & Devereaux, 2006). Today’s nursing theories continue to be revised and are still evolving.