Heteroglossia in the Penelopiad

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Amanda Wilcox Professor Amy Wong English 4HW 12 November 2014 Heteroglossia in Margaret Atwood’s The Penelopiad As a novel that is intended to give insight into the character of Penelope from The Odyssey, The Penelopiad is written almost entirely from Penelope’s perspective. However, Margaret Atwood includes the voices of the twelve hanged maids in the novel, giving another perspective of some of the events relayed by Penelope. The use of heteroglossia in The Penelopiad complicates the novel by creating a sense of doubt and mistrust towards both Penelope’s and the maids’ accounts of the stories, while also presenting Penelope as an unreliable narrator and giving the maids more discursive power. In addition, the use of heteroglossia even within parts of the story written in Penelope’s point of view allow us to sympathize with Penelope as a character, and also bring to light important issues in the novel, such as misogyny and gender roles. The novel begins in a rather light-hearted manner, with Penelope giving a typically witty and casual account of her current situation. However, soon after her first words, the maids jump in, with a much more gloomy and serious tone. Their accusatory tone in the first lines of their poem: “we are the maids/the ones you killed/the ones you failed” (5) creates some doubt and suspicion towards Penelope and her carefree tone in the first few pages of the novel, as it becomes clear that she may be concealing some darker happenings that she is seemingly responsible for. By including heteroglossia so early in the novel through the immediate appearance of the maids, Atwood introduces her readers to the back-and-forth nature of the novel that intends to leave readers torn between believing Penelope’s account of events and believing that of the twelve maids. The use of heteroglossia within Penelope’s narration of events also allows
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