Our intentions, feelings, and imaginations are stripped down and mystified to being products of our upbringing, no longer coming from within, but controlled from the outside. We are raised to believe that our behaviors are reactions to others behaviors, and that our environment dictates appropriate actions and punishes inappropriate ones. Suddenly, we are not experiencing life, we are merely reacting to others, and behaving accordingly. Some of these reactionary behaviors, called "Defense mechanisms", are destructive ways in which we attack the experience of oneself, or of another, in order to validate personal action and return to
the changes in the mechanisms of ‘volkisch’ anti-semitism and how it developed throughout the preceding decades, with particular scholarly movements including the inception of scientific racism, the volkisch movement in correspondence with new imperialism and militant nationalism. The approach suggests that the holocaust was exclusively akin to Germany’s rising ‘volkisch’ culture and that the aggressive notions of supremacy produced in the late nineteenth century influenced their attitudes towards the other races within Germany at the time and subsequent to the century’s turn. This particular approach is therefore beneficial for understanding how the very concept of a civilised genocide was manifested and how anti-semitism transformed according to the circumstances of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and is therefore the synthesis of the intentionalist and functionalist schools as the German anti-semitism was developed in the long-term through cumulative radicalisation. It adds to our understanding of how ‘völkisch-antisemitisch’ developed from mere prejudice into genocide and how it was influential in the development of advancement of National Socialism, being spawned through nineteenth century scholarly ideologies and social movements including Social Darwinism as a product of emerging ‘scientific racism’, with this and the association with romantic nationalism being
Philosophy in the Real World-Philosophers Kant and Nietzsche Immanuel Kant and Friedrich Nietzsche are two admirable philosophers from different times with many contributions to philosophy. The purpose of this paper is to identify and evaluate the key concepts and analyses that comprised each of these philosophers theories, identify and, describe each philosophers contributions to philosophy, describe how the culture and the time period each lived in influenced their ideas, and compare and contract these philosophers thoughts with that of their predecessors. After reading this paper we hope that a deeper understanding of both Kant and Nietzsche is acquired. Kant provided many great theories to philosophy, one of Kant’s key concepts to the idealist philosophy was on time and space has been noted as his best theory. The idea that time and space are merely conditions of our own animalistic instincts combined with intuition and life experiences opens the door to explore ideas of why humans seem to be in such a rush.
Kaila Molzen November 8, 2012 Sociology 3310 Thomas Long Analysis of The German Ideology The German Ideology, written by German Sociologist, Karl Marx, gives us an understanding on how idealism and materialism work. As a German social thinker, Marx explored the different ideas of materialism. He approached his thinking in a new way that someone has not done in the past. He approached this idea of materialism by looking at economical and social conditions and what the results of those were, in which, to Marx, was this new idea of materialism. Marx mainly explored materialism by constructing two concepts: the social relations of production and the forces of productions.
Karl Marx’s negative connotation to the word i.e. “delusion and mystification” also plays a big part. Marx applied ideology as a critical notion whose use is to expose a course of systematic perplexity. Engels referred to ideology as “false consciousness” Marx distinguished his ideas as scientific as they were constructed precisely to unmask the workings of history and society (encyclopaedia of philosophy 2005 p100). The difference between ideology and science, "false and truth’ is highlighted and therefore crucial to his usage of the term.
Old Labour, the traditional socialist representation of the labour party, presented many socialist views, such as cradle-to-grave welfare and social justice. They also opposed such views as a free-market economy, much preferring to regulate and set quotas for it. Old Labour was the standing of the Labour Party since their founding in the early 20th century. Since then, the party has undertaken a radical change, through the conception of Neil Kinnock and the branding of Tony Blair, to become the centre-left party that we’ve come to know as New Labour. New Labour govern with a pragmatic stance, concentrating on making practical decisions that influence the UK, as oppose to Old Labour who were ideological, and looked at the best ways in which to manage society and react to current events.
In order to competently grapple with the works of Karl Marx, it becomes necessary to understand his core philosophies, foundations, and the historical, social, and economical climates of his time. During the course of this paper it is my aim to briefly explain these foundations and conditions, as well as put into plain words chosen selections from the Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts and the Communist Manifesto. Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts One of the largest influences on Marxian thought was Georg Hegel’s concept of human history from a teleological point of view. Just as an acorn has a predefined telos (becoming a mature oak), Hegel believed that humans, too, had a destined end (a form of earthly utopia). Furthermore, Hegel believed that this end could be achieved by the human species being over generational periods.
Caroline Ehlers MLK, Jr.’s Political Development As one of the most influential figures of the American Civil Rights Movement, many people wonder when and where Dr. King acquired his values for which he is so well known. Many of his major political and ethical views can be traced back to the philosophers Dr. King studied and the professors who taught him at Morehouse College, Crozer Seminary, and Boston University. Some of his famous, key political ideas and values include his criticism of capitalism, the practice of nonviolent resistance, and the love of all humanity. One of Dr. King’s most controversial beliefs was his negative view of capitalism. Walter Chivers and Walter Rauschenbusch were two sources that influenced Dr. King’s eventual rejection of capitalism.
Marcos Galan Jr. 2/16/12 My Comparison Between John Locke & Thomas Hobbes Thomas Hobbes and John Locke were two of the utmost political and philosophical theorists of their time and ours. Both philosophers each provide marvelous philosophical texts on how our government should govern us. Both contributed their ideas to the Enlightenment and made an impact all over the world. John Locke’s ideas influenced the United States Declaration of Independence, the Constitution, and the Federalist Papers while Thomas Hobbes’s ideas refuted England’s parliament. Notions like these have sculpted governments throughout history and still hold true in our current times.
Emile Durkheim and Karl Marx are two very well known sociologists whose opinions on religion differ a great deal. Durkheim put great importance on the solidifying nature of religion; it’s ability to create rituals, which rely on symbols and in turn form social facts. Marx, on the other hand, has one of the most famous quotes regarding religion, stating that it is the ‘opium for the masses’. This only begins to tell us where he stands on the idea of religion in sociology. Marx focuses more on the idea that religion is one of those social institutions, which are dependent upon the material and economic sources and resources in a given society.