Both types of utilitarianism wanted a secular theory to which everyone could use. This is the main reason as to why utilitarianism is not compatible with religion. Another reason as to why act utilitarianism is not compatible with a religious approach to decision making is that it has the potential to justify any act as long as it generates the most happiness for the greatest number even if the act is very wrong. It reduces morality to simple maths when using the hedonic calculus. It doesn’t value human life as highly as religions, such as Christianity does.
Critically assess Hume’s challenges towards miracles. David Hume (1711-1776), an empiricist, is a great criticiser of miracles. He has many different arguments against miracles and against what people think miracles are. Although Hume criticizes miracles, he never actually says that he does not believe they occur. Some people assume that he does not believe in miracles but he does not say this he just says you have to be careful about the difference between a ‘miracle’ and something extraordinary happening.
Boethius argues that the following statements cannot be all true; evil exists, God is omnipotent, and God is all-loving. He says if God can prevent evil, but don’t, then he isn’t all loving. If God intends to prevent evil, but can’t then he isn’t omnipotent. Also, if God intends to prevent evil and is capable of doing it, then how can evil exist? Lady Philosophy counter argument will attempt to show that this is not actually the case.
Religious belief systems have been challenged by scientific belief systems which emergenced during the period known as enlightenment. This period had two key principles: the belief that reason could provide an understanding of the world and that this understanding could be used to improve the lives of human beings. These two principles resulted in the procedure for doing scientific research being created. Sociologists such as Frazer, believed that the introduction and grounds of scientific explanations would cause religion to disappear. However, sociologists are divided on whether the impact of science has been positive or negative due to the many achievements science has made such as weapons of mass destruction and the eradication of many fatal diseases through drugs.
However, in the case that he lacked omnibenevolence, evil would still cast a dark shadow in the world because perhaps God does not desire to relieve it. In actuality, God can be all three, and evil can and does exist. This is true because God is not responsible for the evil in the world. Evil blemishes the world wherever the world is lacking in goodness. If evil did not taint the world, the world would lack good and freewill, too.
He has different ways to view certain things such as death, religion, and strangers. He does not believe in God and does not think that there is an afterlife. Some people may think that his austism is making him think this way. Most people that have autism can only believe what is in front of them and what they can see. This is probably why Christopher thinks the way he does because you can not really see god, and probably doesn’t see the logic in religion either.
McCloskey contended against the three mystical verifications, which are the cosmological argument, the argument from design and the teleological argument. He called attention to the presence of evil on the planet that God made. He likewise called attention to that it is irrational to live by trust or faith. As indicated by McCloskey, confirmations do not essentially assume a fundamental part in the conviction of God. Page 62 of the article expresses that "most theists do not come to have faith in God as a premise for religious conviction, however come to religion as a consequence of different reasons and variables."
In many ways religion has defied the assumptions of secularism, in the Middle East religion has an enormous impact on both political power and private life; in India, where an emerging nationalism was garbed in religious authority; and in the United States where we still struggle to define the role that Christianity will play in the structure of government. God has survived our science. Despite secularist assumptions religion has remained with us because, at its root, it remains a human requirement. Religion fulfills for us a fundamental function; it binds us together, acknowledges our common humanity, and creates a realm of nearly limitless human aspiration. At its core religion is our quest for the best that is in us, it fixes us within our universal understandings, and justifies existence.
Before talking about the incompatibility of science and religion, it is necessary to answer questions such as what is science and what is religion? The science is a tool by means of which it is possible to receive true knowledge of the world. How there was a Universe or how life has appeared? Very deep and difficult question. While none of these issues have precise answers, but there is a scientific methodology, which is the best of what people can approach to them.
Pseudoscience cannot be said as a science because their theories do not come from observation and lead nowhere to further scientific problems. In fact, sometimes pseudoscience “cannot be tested because they are consistent with every imaginable state of affairs in the empirical world”. Superstition is a kind of beliefs that come from a myth, folklore, legend, and religion, where all of these beliefs are false and made from ignorance. People make superstitions to conquer things that cannot be reached and controlled by science and any logical reasons such as ghosts, “God”, devils, etc. They make superstition because they “fear of the unknown”.