et powerECO204: Homework Assignment 3 1. True, False, Uncertain a. A firm that enjoys economic rents earns higher economic profits than other firms without the economic rents. b. Relative to the perfectly competitive equilibrium, the equilibrium outcome for a market dominated by a monopsonist will be higher prices and lower levels of good demanded.
So each country has different currency, for example country A currency is 2 bills to our United States currency B which equals a dollar. So if we trade with country A we would get more for our dollar then country A would get less for their currency. The factor of inflation is a country that has consistently lower purchasing power like country A. This can cause higher interest rates for that country. Another influence is what they hold in a current account could be considered a deficit which means the country is spending more on foreign trade than it is receiving.
Exports are the trade of goods and services between international economies. The macroeconomic performance of a country is measured by unemployment rate, which is targeted at 2.5%; inflation rate, which is targeted at 2.0% plus or minus 1% on the CPI; a satisfactory position on the balance of payments; and a stable economic growth rate, targeted at 2.5%. It is clear that an increase in exports would have an effect on an economies macroeconomic performance as it is a factor (balance of payment), but the extent to which can improve an economies macroeconomic performance is dependant on many other conditions. An increase in exports, may improve the economic performance of an economy, as it would reduce unemployment (the amount of people willing and able to work, but not in work). If exports were to increase this would result in an increase in AD, as the balance of payment is a factor.
As the time horizon increases, variable costs rely less on existing factors and restrictions and therefore will begin behaving differently which will in turn affect the cost of production (Wright, 2007). The second way a firm that’s into profit maximization can decide its greatest level of output is by way of the marginal revenue -- marginal cost method. This is done by subtracting the marginal cost from the marginal revenue that a product generates. Using marginal cost and marginal revenue as the bases, profit maximization will be obtained at the point when marginal revenue is equal to marginal cost. If the marginal revenue is greater than marginal cost this would be when a profit maximizing firm would need to increase production until marginal revenue is equal to marginal cost.
Consumer price and producer price in 2009 to 2012 continue to drop and raise the price for consumers was not steady. The direction and magnitude of price change in the Producer Price Index for finished goods anticipates a similar change in the Consumer Price Index for all items. When this assumed relationship is contradicted by the actual movements of the two series. The answer is that conceptual and definitional differences between the PPI and CPI—differences which are consistent with the uses of the two measures—contribute to the differences in their price movements. A primary use of the PPI is to deflate revenue streams in order to measure real growth in output.
If one lives in an economy which produces high quality products, then the living standards of those within that economy will be higher than that of individuals who live in an economy that produces poor quality goods. There are four factors which economists believe are essential to the growth of an economy; these are Capital, Labour and Technology. All these three factors are vital components of growth in their own right and must be obtain for growth to be achieved. The accumulation of Capital is vital as it is need to finance investment projects. Investment projects, via the multiplier effect should result in an increase in the GDP of the economy; However in order to undertake investment, there must a high savings ratio must be obtained as it is essential for the accumulation of capital.
The relationship between marginal revenue and total revenue is the change in total revenue with respect to the variable change in quantity. Marginal revenue = demand MR = d(TR)/dQ, where Q is quantity. For each additional unit of output sold total revenue increases but only by the amount equal to the marginal price of the output unit. • As we increase the number of units sold which generate a positive marginal revenue, the total revenue increases (The total revenue increases when marginal revenue is positive) • When marginal revenue is zero the total revenue does not change and the total revenue is maximum (When MR = 0, TR Δ = 0) B. Define marginal cost Marginal cost is the total cost to produce an additional unit of goods sold.
Exploring the Keynesian framework, Harrod-Dommar model points out some dynamics of growth. For instance, to determine equilibrium growth rate in the economy, the balance between supply and demand for a country’s output should be maintained. On supply side, saving is a function of the level of GDP. Investment is an important component of the demand for the output of an economy as well as the increase in capital stock. Therefore, the equilibrium rate of growth is given by matching proportionate change in output with the ratio of savings-output to that of capital-output.
Explain how an increase in federal budget deficit due to recession can stabilize the economy. A deficit means that the government spends more than it receives in tax revenues in a given year (O’Sullivan, Sheffrin, & Perez 2010, p. 374). The total deficit is spending, plus all the interest payments on top of the original debt, minus the total tax revenue (http://www.blurtit.com). There are three factors, known as automatic stabilizers, that affect and stabilize the economy, they are: 1) government purchases of goods and services, such as public safety, government transfer of payments, and unemployment insurance, 2) Medicaid or Medicare etc.,and 3) the collection of taxes. If the government cut taxes or increases transfer payments such as unemployment insurance and food stamps this helps to offset the decrease in household income.
Economic growth involves the rise of output in an economy by using gross domestic product (GDP) to measure ‘the total value of everything produced in an economy in a time period (…)’ (Fribbance, 2009, p. 21) Research on happiness outlines the limitations and complexity of people´s well-being on a global basis. 2. Scientific perspectives on wealth and happiness The claim that there are connections between economic growth, wealth, health and happiness has led scientists to conduct research on this topic. There are various findings either supporting or opposing the claim that one factor has an impact on the other. 2.1 Supporters of the more wealth = more well-being claim Indur Goklany: The improving state of the world: Why We Are Living Longer, Healthier, More Comfortable Lives on a Cleaner Planet Stevenson and Wolfers: Economic Growth and Subjective Well-Being Goklany points out that people live in a better place now