One of the most influential people in Rome was Marcus Cicero, a great philopsoper as we say and exam most of his work today we see a story of a honored and respected man as well as loyal, but his loyalty would prove to be his greatest downfall and which would lead to his exicution. (pg. 149) Rome was built of lawyers, judges, and philosophers. (pg. 149) The romans were more practical thinkers and philosophers.
Although both Han China and Imperial Rome had a centralized imperial government with an administrative bureaucracy, Han China implemented Confucian ideas and teachings into their administration, while Imperial Rome administered mainly with force. Han China and Imperial Rome were both large empires, so to maintain efficient rule over its people, they had a centralized imperial government. To further maintain efficient rule, they imposed an administrative bureaucracy. While both the Roman and the Han Empire had a bureaucracy, the Han’s bureaucracy was far more influential and active in society than that of the Romans. Emperors of both Imperial Rome and Han China gave local leaders the power to rule their distant lands.
Augustus seems to rule with his wealth and influence over the people, and those in government positions. In my opinion he is more focused on keeping the Aristocracy happy, for as according to Crone in her examination of pre-industrial societies, the holders of wealth are the key to maintaining leadership and order. Michael Haukaas made an excellent statement as well saying “Himself being wealthy is not enough, as evidence by the war following the death of his father at the hands of Brutus et all”. This statement shows how Augustus also had control over the soldiers as well as the power of his wealth. Just like the podcasts mentioned, Augustus was a powerful man due to his financial stability and the fact that he had made a lot of loyal and close friends with the men of elite
Although Han China and Imperial Rome both ruled over large and diverse territories, both had different ways of political control within their empires. The control varies in ways such as their views on society; China having a philosophy of Confucianism and Rome believing in a patron-client relationship. Rome and China differed in who had the right to govern the empires varying from having a single leader to numerous government officials. Both empires used their loyal citizens to their advantage creating the state of free labor. However, even with all the differences, both empires managed to keep their territories protected, organized, and civilized.
The Deep Impact of Octavian For forty years Octavian, post 27 B.C. known as Augustus Caesar, held power in Rome and he was able to establish a firm foundation for emperors to come by changing laws and enabling others to act. He believed that the Roman laws had proven to be weak under the Roman Republic and they needed a strong leader. The senate approved and appointed him consul, tribune and commander in chief for life. Augustus is remarkable because unlike the other politicians that came before him once he gained power he was able to keep it.
Such as not just giving power to citizens but how they distributed power in the empire. For example In Rome it was dived into offices and senate who held voice for the citizens. In china it was district officials. Han china ruled by an emperor who took mandate of heaven in deep consideration of all his political choices where as Imperial Rome had more religious freedoms not controlling its government or persuading its people to follow in one path due to religious beliefs. China was a closed unit compared to Rome who was more mingled structured.
Comparative Essay As time progressed, many civilizations began to improve and evolve into more sophisticated societies. The Achaemenid Empire of Persia and the Han Dynasty of China are two of the most successful societies during this time period. The methods used by these two societies to control their territories contribute to their accomplishment. While the Achaemenid Empire used a different method to handle their foreign issues compared to the Han Dynasty, both empires used similar systems to control their territories such as dividing their empires into districts and developing a road system. A major difference between the methods used by the Achaemenid Empire and the Han Dynasty would be the way they handled foreign issues.
Also, he fought in many wars with such bravery to prove himself worthy and determined to be known as “The Great”. Finally, the impact and effect he left on his kingdom and he people of his kingdom after the death of Alexander The Great. Here are how alexander was and still should be considered The Great. Macedonia, the kingdom that alexander had power to had that time where it was once weak. Alexander The Great took over the kingdom and raised it to become one of the most powerful empires which wasn’t easy.
Throughout history, civilizations and empires have faced many of the same challenges. These challenges could have been problems with communication, external threats, internal instabilities, overextension of territory, and so on. These empires also have another thing in common. This is the fact that they all try to deal with these problems in the best way possible, or so they think. King Zheng of Qin succeeded in defeating the remaining Warring States between 230 and 221 BCE, ending one of the most violent periods in Chinese history.
The Confucianism was not the pure studies of Confucius, but a mixture of various other philosophies and superstitions to enhance the complex and inadequate teachings of Confucius. This changed the way that the empire was run. Before, emperors appointed people to positions regardless of their competence. Now, the emperors chose the people they thought were the best suited for the job based on merit. Written examinations were used to identify the best qualified people for the job.