E.g. jobs, house, car. Merton believes that you have to accept the institutionalised means which is of legal ways of achieving that accepted success. Merton's theory is the strain theory. He believes that while some people are able to follow this patch to success, others are blocked because of their position in the social structure.
Structural theories such as functionalism and Marxism are macro (large scale), and deterministic: they see society as a real thing existing over and above us, shaping our ideas and behaviour – individuals are like puppets, manipulated by society. Social action theorists use qualitative research methods to gather an in-depth understanding of human behaviour and the reasons behind such behaviour. This method investigates the why and how of decision making, not just what, where and when, for example, covert or overt participant observations and unstructured interviews. Structural approaches use methods that are scientific, as they want quantitative data (e.g. questionnaires and surveys).
The functionalist believe that the understanding of deviance is the function for society rather than individuals themselves. Even though they believe that consensus is a function required for society. Functionalists therefore, argue that it is important for society to maintain society and the social control. However, the strain theory which is Merton's theory is based upon the theory of functionalist as they encourage anomie of deviance. Merton 1930,highlights the strains between the cultural goals of society and legitimate and regular ways to achieving the goals of success.
Gattaca, 1984 and Fahrenheit 451 essay "A blueprint, a mirror, a warning or simply fanciful entertainment" what is the purpose of utopia and dystopia texts you have studied. Utopias and Dystopias are alternate societies created to serve as a platform to highlight the values associated with the contexts of their respective times. While they may be antonymous concepts, utopias and dystopias are ultimately a critique of the events of a certain time or the attitudes and values of a society, thus such a text offers a vision of how cultural values have changed through the process of appropriation as a result of the changing connects that shape these texts. This is illustrative in the text 1984 a novel by George Orwell published in 1949, Andrew Niccols 1997 Gattaca film and Fahrenheit 451 is a 1953 dystopian novel by Ray Bradbury, the novel presents a future American society where books are outlawed and firemen burn any house that contains them. Through a variety of literary and visual techniques, all texts concurrently present themes of technology and physiological manipulation revealing the disgusting homogeneity of a superficial utopia.
It is also a means to find equality among the different members of society. In criticism of Realism, Artifactualism states the Realists are too individualistic of their analyses of law and are too sensitive in regards to the constitutive law. In regards to the multiple theories discussed in part III of the article entitled “Mapping Legal Theory” by Richard F. Devlin from the Alberta Law Review, I believe the Marxist theory holds the same semblance to Artifactualism in terms of its interpretation of law. Marxist’s hold a belief that society revolves around the production of goods and the quality of society is determined by the how the relations are between the two classes within the production system. These two classes are the proletariats, who are
Since coercive power is more of a concept, but fits well within this case, the theory that works along with the power concept is the social exchange theory. There is a give and take in the relationship between the cadets and leaders, but definitely not at equal
Compare and contrast the notions of contradiction in these two theories. 2) How does Mead's concept of the self in Symbolic Interaction Theory relate to an understanding of self in Relational Dialectics Theory? 3) Expectancy Violations Theory is primarily concerned with our expectations for other people's behavior, whereas Cognitive Dissonance Theory is concerned with our desire for consistency in attitudes and behavior. Show the relationship between the two theories using expectations, attitudes, and behavior as your overarching principles. 4) Discuss how the principles of Social Penetration Theory (SPT) and Uncertainty Reduction Theory (URT) overlap.
Firstly is social interest, such as health and safety and public order, whilst individual interests include privacy and domestic relations. Pound believed where possible the law should create a level playing field of these interests meaning social interests should be weighed against social interests and individual interests against individual interests as a failure to do this will result in a bias in favour of social interest. Karl Marx believed the law was part of the ‘repressive state apparatus’ used to ensure the continuing exploitation of the working class members of society by the upper and ruling classes. For Marx, the law treated as lesser the interests of the lower classes to those of the upper classes and so did not and would not truly
Mindset and the Environment It is said that our surroundings greatly affect our mindset as well as the way we live. In the essay “On Habit”, written by Alain de Botton, the idea we are in control of our lives is questioned and new ideas are introduced. It seems that people are capable of completely evolving in life simply through changing their outlooks. Although a person’s environment may have an impression on who they become, the important thing lies in the way they perceive it. Appreciation for the smaller things in life allows one to make the best out of a bad situation.
Socialists have often traced this inequality in society to the institution of private property. This principle of common ownership, sets them apart from other ideologies such as Liebralism and Conservatism. It is argued that the people should have the right to own property but that ownership of property should not be so concentrated into such few hands that it damages the interests of society or the community. In regards to community, this is another of its traditional principles that is based upon a broadly positive view of human nature. They believe that individuals are capable of surmounting social and economic challenges through collective action and harnessing the power of the community.