Having dealt with Denmark and Poland-Saxony, Charles turned his attention back to Russia. Dismissive of the Russian performance at Narva, Charles had ignored Peter to his cost. Narva was Peter’s second campaign and was the first test for his newly remodelled army who were faced what were considered to be the best and most aggressive soldiers of Europe. The result was almost inevitable. While Charles concentrated on Poland, Peter had conducted small campaigns in other areas of the Swedish Empire.
Hailed as the Father of the U.S. Armored Forces, General Adna R. Chaffee Jr. was one of the most influential military leaders during the interwar war period. Although a Cavalry officer, he envisioned an independent fast striking mechanized/armored force, which became the modern day US Armor branch. Chaffee held key positions, which were influential in the development of mechanized/armored vehicles and doctrine. His leadership, expertise in organizational maneuvers, and the command of doctrine allowed him to highlight armor’s potential in two highly visible mechanized maneuvers. Additionally, Chaffee clearly articulated his mechanized/armored vision to the interwar period military leaders and to a Congressional audience to further advance the armor inertia.
Firstly, there are many arguments defending the fact that Edward VI had significant influence in government such as the previous power of child monarchs before him. Henry III, who was the same age as Edward when he came to the throne turned out to be an extremely powerful King, whose reign was defined by the ending of the Civil War and a well-ruled country and government. On the other hand, his adult reign was less of a positive experience, as it resulted in opposition to Henry because of his choice to have Frenchmen at his court. Edward V however was murdered at the age of 12, which was not promising for the child King’s to come. If we were to believe that the positive experiences of child monarchs were shared by each King there had been, it would be easy to say that Edward VI was a powerful King with significant influence in government.
One of the major events that assisted the fall of the Holy Roman Empire was Thirty Years’ War. The event that started the Thirty Years’ War was “defenestration of Prague.” Two of Ferdinand’s officials were thrown out a window. The Lutherans violated the Peace of Augsburg by acquiring German Bishops, Calvinists converting princes, and Jesuits reconverting princes to Catholicism. The Calvinists and Catholics had many advantages because of that which made the Lutherans fear the Peace of Augsburg would be negatively impaired. The Lutheran Princes felt it necessary to create the Protestant Union and in retaliation the Catholics formed to Catholic League.
From “War of Movement” to “Stalemate” The Schlieffen Plan: * Germans believed they could win the war quickly. 1905, General Chief of Staff Alfred von Schlieffen planned a way of preventing Germany from fighting a war on two fronts. He believed that it was a priority to defeat France quickly, forcing them to surrender before Russia had a chance to mobilise her armed forces * Helmuth von Moltke revised/modified the plan, less prepared to take risks than Schlieffen – lacked faith in elements of the original plan. * Execution of Schlieffen Plan led to Britain declaring war on Germany and honouring alliance/agreement guaranteeing protection of Belgian neutrality and territory against invasion, 4th August 1914. * Moltke changed ratio of number of troops in right wing to left wing from 7:1 to 3:1 as he thought the left wing were too small and might be over-run and forced back by French forces; weakened the main strike force by diverting more German troops reinforcing Eastern Front from right wing to support Austria-Hungary * Right wing (main attack force) of the German army would mobilise in massive strength (north) and invade France through neutral Belgium * Smaller left wing (decoy/diversion) would hold French army on Rhine border against unexpected attack through Alsace-Lorraine * French Plan 17 went to German hands.
Question: To what extent were Alexander’s military successes a result of strength and skill of his army or the weaknesses of his opponents? Alexander the Great succeeded his father, Philip II of Macedon, to the throne in 336 BC after Philip was assassinated. Alexander inherited a strong kingdom and an experienced army. He was awarded the generalship of Greece and used this authority to launch his father's military expansion plans. From a young age Alexander started to show his leadership skills and came to command a portion of his fathers great army by the age of 15, whilst his father was away fighting.
The feeling swept especially throughout Britain that the Treaty of Versailles had been too harsh, and Germany should be able to make some amendments to its more extreme elements. The British were not willing to go to war, nor prepared. However Appeasement regardless of the reason failed as it only encouraged Hitler. The result of the appeasement policy was that Britain and France did nothing more than diplomatically protest when Hitler violated the peace treaty. Hitler then announced to the world he was following a policy of re armnent in March 1935 by largely increased military manpower though conscription and announcing the creation of the Luftwaffe of 2500 planes.
Germany strongly believed that future wars would include short and rapid mobilization, which would be key for achieving victory. Von Schlieffen had produced a war plan, which followed these assumptions. Germany feared a war on two fronts, he decided to use the bulk of German forced to win a speedy victory over France, after which troops can then attack the Tsar’s army. His plan however, required the Germans to sweep through to northern France via the neutral Belgium and then advance into the west of Paris, sweeping back eastwards to defeat the French who would still be defending the German boarder. Germany would then be free to move to the Eastern Front to confront the Russian Army, who would only just have mobilized due to their vast size.
The pact was the final cause of war as Hitler could now invade Poland without any interference from Stalin. Britain and France had declared war on Germany as they guaranteed Poland’s independence. However, the policy of appeasement in the 1930’s also played a big role in causing the Second World War. Appeasement had led Hitler to believe that Britain and France were weak. Britain and France gave Germany the Rhineland, the Sudetenland and they were allowed to have an Anschluss with Austria.
Charles I, at the age of twenty four years ascended to the throne on 27th March 1625, there gaining the right to rule his three kingdoms, the realms of England and Wales, Scotland, and Ireland as a colony, all were very different countries and the memories of past wars and conflicts ran deep. Each had very different histories from each other and each kingdom favoured a different form of religion. England had a more moderate form of Protestantism, whereas Scotland had Calvinists and Ireland remained faithful to the Catholic indoctrination, whereas Northern Ireland had favoured the protestant faith, as well, as the Scottish Presbyterian faith. Each kingdom contained other strong religious minorities. In Ireland the concept of