Vertebrate Characteristics and Diversity Phylum Chordata * 48,000 species * true coelom * Chordates” * Contains invertebrate and vertebrate species * All have bilateral symmetry * All at one point have a notochord, dorsal nerve cord, pharynx, and gill slits * Aquatic and terrestrial * Deutrostomes * Tail sometime in lifecycle. 4 major identifying characteristics: 1. Notochord * Flexible rod like structure enclosed by a fibrous sheath extends the length of the body in larva and/or adult. * provides basic support and serves as main axis for muscle attachments to permit “fishlike” undulatory movements. * first part of skeleton to form in embryo * in primitive chordates the notochord persists through life.
It lies long the entire length and is dorsal to the notochord and forms into a hollow tube. In later species is is modified into the brain and spinal cord. Finally there is the postanal tail. It was generally supported by the notochord or vertebral column. In provides a method of movement in aquatic
8. What is the orbit? ____________________________________________________________ ________________________ The frontal bone,lesser and greater wings of sphenoid, What bones contribute to the formation of the orbit? _________________________________________________________ zygomatic, maxilla,palatine ,lacrimal bone and ethmoid bone. ____________________________________________________________ ______________________________________ It forms a central wedge that articulates 9.
The scapula tends to be more to the sides of the thoracic cage. 3. The glenoid fossa is directed downward. 4. Quadrupeds support their body weight not their forelimbs.
5. Which ossification method would form a femur? The femur, which is a long bone, is formed by endochondral ossification which is the replacement of cartilage by osseous tissue. Most bones of the body are formed by this process. 6.
Shubin shows how fin structures of fish like Tiktaalik mark the beginning of the evolution into the mammalian paw and opposable thumb structures in the hands of today’s primates. The significance behind Tiktaalik is how it proved to be the missing link which greatly shows the transition from fish who swim, to four-legged vertebrates. Neil also states that all creatures in the world are built similarly to one another. Creatures such as whales, birds, and humans have single arm bones that each lead to two others, that connect to fingers or our toes. In us humans, this shows up in the humorous, and they go through the radius and ulna into our wrist bones and fingers.
7- Which marking of the skull articulates with the first cervical vertebra? The occipital condyles articulate with the firt cervical vertebra. 8- Which bone forms the inferior part of the nasal septum? The bone that forms the inferior part of the nasal septum is the vomer. 9- How many bones make up the upper limb?
The blood carries the oxygen into the cell, which pass through the entire body. Smaller crustaceans need gas to obtain oxygen. Other crustaceans use their gills. Usually gills are attached to the base of the thoracic appendages. The act of beating the appendages creates a gush of water that flood into the gills.
Assignment 3:Neuroanatomy Project Physiological Psychology | PSY350 A03 Name: Instructor: Date: The CNS or central nervous system is the foundation of our existence. It controls many interact details that make us unique. Such as our personalities, senses, movements, as well as other functions like heart beat, breathing, and blood pressure. The CNS is encased in bone just as the brain is encased in skull and the spinal cord is encased in the vertebral column. The vertebral column is a structure of bone that is located in the back that encases the spinal cord from top to bottom in order to protect it from injury.
The front half of the the abdomen is known as the mesosoma. Its made up of six segments. The first segment is the sexual organs. The second segment is a pair of featherlike sensory organs known as the pectines, and the final four segments each contain a pair of book lungs. The scorpions tail is called the metasoma containing the scorpions anus, and the telson.