Henry Lindlahr, a notable figure in both Iridology and Naturopathy contributed major works to the expansion of Iridology and in 1913 published his first book that expanded over 6 volumes with the sixth dedicated to Iridology and other diagnostic techniques (Duncan, 2007, pg. 5; Murray & Pizzorno, 2013, pg. 18-19). Bernard Jensen, student of Lindlahr, continued on from his teacher’s work and researched all aspects of nature cure, hydrotherapy and iridology, with his iris chart, 1st published in 1980, being used worldwide today (Duncan, 2007, pg 5 & 15). Naturopathy is thought to have first originated from Hippocrates (Maceoin, 1999, pg.
Known use of tourniquets goes as far back as 6th century BC when Hindu medical texts described the use for snakebites. It is noted that Alexander the Great ordered Hindu physicians treat his soldiers at the Battle of Hydapses in 326 BC for snakebites. The first known history of the use of tourniquets during battle for hemorrhage control dates back to the Middle Ages when a French army surgeon, Étienne J. Morel was credited with the first use of a battlefield tourniquet during the siege of Besonçon, France (J.F. Kragh Jr et al. Tourniquets).
In 1948, he developed a new way to synthesize the hydrocortisone used to treat rheumatoid arthritis - the method most widely used to this day. By the time he died in 1975, his research had resulted in more than 160 separate patents. As one of his tributes, the U.S. Postal Service recognized his contributions to science and issued a 29-cent Percy Julian stamp in 1993. The Julian stamp was part of a black heritage series that also recognized W.E.B.
A Scottish physician named James Lowson and a couple of bacteriologists named Shibasaburo Kitasato from Japan and a Swiss native named Alexandre Yersin were invited to research the plague. b) The first outbreak of the epidemic was recorded during the sixth century (AD 541) and was named the Plague of Justinian after a Roman Emperor named Justinian I, who was infected but survived through treatment. The plague of Justinian is regarded as the first recorded instance of the Bubonic Plague. c) Byzantine Empire in Constantinople d) Procopius who witnessed the outbreak of plague from the port of Pelusium. At the time Constantinople was the prime hub in the trading network when The rat (and flea) population in Egypt thrived on feeding from the large granaries.
Walter reed 1851-1902 A native of Virginia, Walter Reed (1851–1902) received his medical education at Bellevue Medical School in New York, worked as a district physician in Brooklyn, and then joined the U.S. Army, providing basic medical services in many parts of the frontier West. Attracted by the new science of bacteriology, he was sent by the army to study with William Henry Welch at Johns Hopkins University, and was later appointed professor of bacteriology in the Army Medical School in Washington, DC in 1893. He chaired the U.S. Army typhoid fever commission of 1899, in which he, Victor C. Vaughan, and Edward O. Shakespeare established the importance of the asymptomatic typhoid carrier. While working on this commission, he was assigned to
Some even went as far as physically placing a blow on the head to render unconsciousness (“History of Anesthesia” 2010). Different anesthetic practices were in use in his time when Crawford Long revived the field of surgical anesthesia by using diethyl ether as an anesthetic (“History of Anesthesia” 2010). Crawford William Long was an American surgeon and pharmacist best known for his first use of inhaled diethyl ether as an anesthetic (en.wikiprdia.org). Crawford Long was born in Danielsville, GA, on March 1, 1815 (“BookRags Biography of Crawford Williamson Long”). At the age of fourteen he attended Franklin College in Athens graduating in 1835 with his Masters of Arts degree (“BookRags Biography of Crawford Williamson Long”, Hani
Hypnosis was used by health professionals more than 200 years ago as a healing tool and for the induction of anesthesia in surgery. John Eliotson (1791-1868) founded a hospital in 1849 and performed nearly two thousand operations painlessly using the hypnotic trance to relieve pain. James Esdaile (1808-1859), a Scottish physician working in India performed over three hundred and forty major operations, including amputations and removal of larger tumours with hypnosis as the only anesthetic. Esdaile reduced the death rate from 50 per cent to 5 per cent by the use of mesmerism. Hypnosis gives us the ability to tap into the working of the subconscious in perhaps the only way it can be done.
In the eleventh century, scholars traveled to libraries in places such as Toldeo, Spain, where they began translating — but only after they learned to read Arabic. Through this process, European medical schools gained access to vital reference sources such as al-Razi’s Comprehensive Book and Ibn Sina’s The Canon of Medicine. Ibn Sina’s five-volume encyclopedia guided doctors of Europe and Southwest Asia for six centuries. For nearly 500 years, al Qasim’s work, The Method, which contained original drawings of some 200 medical tools, was the foremost textbook on surgery in
The Nursing Profession in the 1900’s compared to Nursing in the 21st century Abstract Nurses worked at the forefront of science in the early 20th century as seen in the picture below. Nursing has had drastic changes over the many years, some fundamental aspects have not changed, ongoing training, help in development of new treatments, educating patients, are some that remained immensely important to nursing. Implementing new treatments like light therapy at the London Hospital. Danish scientist Niels Finsen developed this treatment, which concentrated light through a lens, to help treat skin tuberculosis by killing the bacteria that caused the disease. ( History of Medicine Division, NLM 2014) The Nursing Profession in the 1900’s compared to Nursing in the 21st century History of Medicine Division, NLM Nursing history Duties of nursing as it is today is virtually unrecognizable when compared to the duties of nurses in the early 20th century.
Physical Therapy The Real Poop Physical therapy supposedly has been around since the ancient Greeks, with Hippocrates lionizing massage therapy and Hector, another Greek doc, pushing water therapy. Modern PT got a boost in the U.S., when a school opened in Washington, D.C. to use physical therapy techniques to help soldiers wounded in World War I. Polio outbreaks, beginning in the 1920s, impelled the expansion of physical therapy, eventually expanding from hospitals into outpatient clinics and further specialization. The goal of physical therapists is to jack up the strength and flexibility of patients who have reduced mobility because of an injury, illness or disability. This is a laudable goal for people who are in a "helping" profession.