Military conquests brought Islamic scholars into contact with the Greek language and ideas. Islamic rulers and traders became very wealthy and powerful. Between the eighth and eleventh centuries, hundreds of Greek texts were translated into Arabic, these texts included medical scripts. This gave Islamic scholars a basis for medicine that was not distinct from European medicine. Before the Translation movement, Islamic
Two very important Islamic leaders in the sciences were Omar Khayam and Nizam al-Mulk. A Persian philosopher, mathematician, astronomer and poet, Omar Khayam was seen as one of the best mathematicians and astronomers of the 11th and 12th centuries. He created many principles of algebra and astronomy, specifically methods for solving cubic equations, the Anthyphairetic Ratio, the Saccheri quadrilateral, the heliocentric theory (he is given the credit for the discovery of the earth rotating on an axis), and the Iranian calendar, but his contributions have no end, including being one of the most famous poets. Nizam al-Mulk, also known as “The Great Minister”, was a crucial governmental figure during the 5th century. Not only was he the builder of the famous madrasa (university) in Baghdad, An-Nizamia, he built many other schools and
The result was an era of stunning intellectual and cultural achievements. In the Golden Age of Islam, there were major advances in many fields of education, science, medicine, and philosophy, among others. It was a period of intellect and knowledge, and a time of great thinkers and inventors. One of the people that helped Arab society achieve many advances in philosophy was Ibn-Rushd.Ibn-Rushd, also known as Averroes, as translated in Latin, was a philosopher during the Golden Age of Islam. He was an academic and studied the works of Aristotle, translating them and analyzing his works.
He cites her preference on Shanghai Flowers and On the Huangpu River to prove the excellence of these two Shanghai novels: “Eileen Chang, considered one of the brightest stars of the modern/modernist canon…rank them as two of her favorite eight works of Chinese literature” (24). A History of Modern Chinese Fiction, one of the most important sources for Chang study, acknowledges the public recognition of Chang’s works (Hsia 389), by listing her popular Shanghai novels. Hsia also mentions the substantial reproduction of Chang’s collections in later volumes to stress her large readership and noticeable influence. Thus, Hsia concludes that Chang “made such significant contributions
Arabs have made major contribution to the world. For instance, Ibn Khaldoun was the founder of the social sciences, Ibn Haytham made major contributions in the field of optics, and recently in 1988, Naguib Mahfouz, a piece of Egyptian literature, has won the Nobel Prize in literature. Furthermore, Dubai has attracted the worldwide attention after the Emirates Airline was named the number one Airline of the Year in both 2001 and in 2002. Saudi Aramco, the oil company of Saudi Arabia, is the largest oil
a. Ibn Sina (d.1037) was a Persian polymath who is considered to be one of the greatest philosophers of the Islamic golden age who contributed to many of the sciences such as medicine, chemistry, astronomy, philosophy, and many more. Al-Biruni (d. 1048) was also a Persian polymath who was, as well, regarded as one of the greatest scholars of the medieval islamic era and therefore it is safe to say that Ibn Sina and Al-Biruni together have been regarded as the greatest scholastic and scientific thinkers throughout history. Before exploring Ibn Sina’s view on natural laws, let us first clarify what natural laws mean in the context oh philosophical studies. In order to believe in natural laws, one must first believe in God since God himself originally issues the natural laws. Ibn Sina’s theory of the “natural position”of celestial bodies asserts his belief of the natural law of the universe.
A Brief History of Time - Stephen Hawking Written by one of the greatest minds of this century, A Brief History of Time covers the most revolutionary scientists since 340 BC in the fields of subatomic particle physics, theoretical physics, and astrophysics. The subjects of of quantum physics and general relativity are also brought up later in the book as Hawking moves into the subject of the Theory of Everything, or quantum relativity, and the struggles scientists, including Hawking, have gone through to try to understand this and make it into a unified theory. Lastly, Hawking also covers the miraculous four-dimensional spacetime and the scientists who have impacted the field, like Albert Einstein and James Maxwell, throughout the past two centuries to help shape what we now call theoretical particle physics. 340 BC, a greek philosopher by the name of Aristotle began curiously exploring the heavens in a search for an explanation as to what was out there. Aristotle wrote the book On the Heavens that covered two main arguments.
It was announced yesterday that the most famous question in pure mathematics, Fermat's Last Theorem, has finally been answered. Englishman Andrew Wiles, of Princeton University, a Fellow of the Royal Society, told an academic audience at the Isaac Newton Institute in Cambridge, including leading authorities from around the world, that he had finally concluded one of the most controversial chapters in scientific history. The story of Fermat's Last Theorem can be traced back to ancient Greek times and stems from one of the best-known results in mathematics, Pythagoras' Theorem. That is, in any triangle which contains a right-angle, the square of the length of the hypoteneuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the lengths of the other two sides. (In mathematical notation, $z^2 = x^2 + y^2$, where $z$ is the length of the hypotenuse and $x$ and $y$ are the lengths of the other two sides.)
Although there are differences between the Arab people from Morocco to the Persian Gulf, Arab people enjoy a common bond of history, culture and tradition. It was in the Arab world where people first developed the system of writing; scientific advances were also developed. Rich cultures like Ancient Egypt, Assyria and Babylonia began in this region. The Arab culture has had many influences but Islam has shaped the culture like no other. The message of Islam appeared for the first time in the Arabian Peninsula in the early seventh century, and soon the faith expanded across North Africa, the entire Middle East and extended to the borders of China.
However, the purpose of the Roman Empire was significantly different than that of the Greeks and Egyptians, due to the swift increase in population and also to display their power to the world. Overpopulation forced the Romans to develop more efficient architecture and infrastructure to it’s city, such as multi-story apartments, city streets, and bath houses. Conversely, the Romans spared no expense with its massive structures when used for government purposes. This is where the Romans flexed their power; with true pride and grandeur of colossal structures such as the Coliseum, the Parthenon, and the