In environmentalist Bill McKibben’s 2008 article, “Civilization Last Chance,” we are warned that we are in a state of emergency time we have little to save our environment from the danger. The current status of our earth is in danger, and people don’t seem to realize the serious consequence for the future. Robert W. Christopherson’s textbook, Geosystems, is an introduction to physical geography with scientific evidence. The current edition of Geosystems introduces the consensus science regarding human-created climate change. The high content of carbon causes global warming and global warming causes climate change.
During this movement a few environmental events had occurred for example, disastrous oil spills and the possible “extinction of species like whales, songbirds, and elephants” (Botkin & Keller, 2011, Ch. 1). These events helped draw even more awareness, and helped make the environment a popular issue. Two groups were then formed, the environmentalist and the anti-environmentalists. Environmentalist believed that the world was in jeopardy whereas “anti-environmentalist believed that no matter the environmental effect, social and economic health and progress were necessary for people and civilization to prosper” (Botkin & Keller, 2011, Ch.
1990- National Environmental Education Act authorizes funding of environmental education programs at elementary and secondary school level. 1994- UN Conference on Population and Development held in Cairo, Egypt. 1997- Meeting of 161 nations in Kyoto, Japan, to negotiate a treaty to help slow global warming. 2010- An oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico which flowed unabated for three months in 2010, and may be continuing to seep and it is the largest accidental marine oil spill in the history of the petroleum industry. 2011- The Nuclear disaster in Japan was the most powerful known earthquake ever to have hit Japan, and one of the five most powerful earthquakes in the world since modern record-keeping began in 1900.
This essay will show the reason why we need renewable energies and two solutions to use them effectively. There are three main problems with the use of fossil fuels. Firstly, although they are the main sources for world energy supply，they are also the main cause of man-made climate change resulting from the CO2 emissions produced. The global carbon budget has shown that 87 percent of all human-produced carbon dioxide emissions come from the burning of fossil fuels like coal, natural gas and oil (Le Quéré, 1107-1157). The consequence of climate change is serious.
How the Use of Fossil Fuels Change the Environment Fossil fuels are fuels formed by natural processes such as the decomposition of buried dead organisms exposed to heat and pressure in the Earth's crust over millions of years, sometimes exceeding 650 million years. The use of fossil fuels includes fuel for power plants, vehicle engines, heating, etc. However, it cannot be used directly in its raw form. It has to be burned or combusted in order to take effect, which is to produce energy. Unfortunately, the activity of burning or combusting fossil fuels releases various kinds of hazardous substances and pollutants which eventually leads to changes in the environment; such as climate change, global warming, and changes in environmental health.
“Kent chemical: Organizing for Internal Growth” The case “Kent chemical: Organizing for Internal Growth” by Barlett and Wining shows the development of Kent Chemical, a US-based company, from a local rubber producer into a multinational chemical firm which main product divisions are plastic additives, fire protection products and medical plastics. In order to become one of the leading chemical companies in the world, Luis Morales, the president of Kent Chemical, is struggling, after two unsuccessful tries to integrate the regional and the global business, with his decision what the best way to coordinate the company in terms of the organizational change, structure and strategy is. In theory, organizational change occurs if a company changes from a current non-wanted state into a future desired one. According to Wischnevsky, J. and Damanpour, D. (2006) the company has pass through three different stages during this process; first they have to accept that their present situation is not sufficient anymore, secondly the need to develop a future view for the company and thirdly implementing the necessary measures to succeed. To be able to implement those measure correctly an organizational structure is needed.
In 2010 ,172 million gallons of oil spilled from a whole on the ocean bed in the Gulf of Mexico. There are four major and significant ways of how the oil is transported to the ocean. The four ways are, oil seeps, consumption, transportation, and extraction. All the ways listed above are harmful and waste our limited amount of oil. Oil seeps accrue when natural seeps emerge from below the sea floor.
Santos explains that the environmental issues “date back to the nineteenth century, when trappers, fishermen, and naturalists campaigned against the unrestrained exploitation of American’s pristine environmentals,” (Santos, 1999). Can we really give a date that this became a problem? All we know is that it has been an issue for many years. Most Americans do not realize that pollutants can harm our senses like sight, smell, and even taste. It can also cause health hazards.
THE BODYSHOP English cosmetic retailer The Body Shop has been ordered by a Brazilian court to pay more than US$ 431,000 (£218,000) to settle labor claims against it by three former employees of its "Fair Trade" project in the Amazon Rainforest. They claimed they had been unfairly dismissed and sued the company for back wages and other financial considerations. Ms Raimunda Gaya, acted as general cleaning helper for the Mebengokre Indians' Hospital at Redenção City in Pará State; Mr Paulo Miranda was hired as pilot who often ferried Dame Anita Roddick, the founder of the company, on her trips into the Amazon; Mr Saulo Petean acting as consultant for the Body Shop, lived with the Mebengokre* Indigenous Peoples from 1990-1996, before he was fired. Since 1990 The Body Shop has maintained a controversial commercial relationship with the Indians. The company provided the villages of Aukre, Kapot, Mekrangnoti and Pykany with logistical support and funding to produce Brazil nut oil and beaded wristbands handmade by the Mebengokre women to be sold in Body Shop stores worldwide.
FINANCING THE MOZAL PROJECT CASE STUDY SOLUTION: I. BACKGROUND INFORMATION: The Mozal Project, is a $1.4 B aluminum smelter production plant to be set up in Mozambique, is a joint venure of Alusaf, a subsidiary of a South African natural resource company, and International Development Corporation (IDC), a government-owned South African development bank, who are the equity investors in the project and will each provide $ 125 M worth of equity for the project. Mozambique, a poor emerging market country recovering from a civil war that devastated the country’s economy, presents unique risk for this project which threatens the viability of the project. Despite the risk, the sponsors are interested in structuring a limited-recourse financing deal with IFC involvement. Kimura and Husain of IFC were recommending a $ 120 million in Mozal project.