Hammurabi had his scribes create the world's first written, comprehensive law code. Hammurabi claimed that these laws were sanctioned by the gods, and had copies carved on markers to be placed in key locations throughout his cities. This code unified his empire by creating standards and solidified King Hammurabi’s authority over his empire. King Hammurabi made sure that first the Code of Hammurabi acclaimed that the Hammurabi King was the only source of authority and power. The
Creon has recently become king and therefore is determined to make his mark on the state. “I claim the throne and all its power. Both city and kingdom. I claim it and hold it. From today as mine by right.” Creon also now believes that as he is now king he is infallible and believes that his own laws should come above the laws of the gods.
The government needs to keep society in order to preserve the peace, and we need a sovereign leader to be all powerful (leviathan). This involves the citizens creating a social contract and giving some rights for the greater good. John Locke, on the other hand, breaks down the state of nature into 4 categories. First, we have freedom. This is God given, and we are “free moral agents”.
First, one must understand that the Judean monarchy had a nearly desperate trust that Yahweh was their ultimate provider and protector (“The Lord is my rock, my fortress and my deliverer”), meaning that Yahweh was also the ultimate provider and protector of the nation of Judah. As Sigmund Mowinckel put forth, the thought behind this is based on the on idea that the identity of the individual Israelite is irrevocably and intricately connected to the Israelite nation as a whole. The bible tells us that Yahweh was considered the Great King, and David was his human representative on earth, making Judah the Great
Both Rorty and Dewey were big supporters of maintaining and developing democracy. In order to better democracy, Rorty and Dewey both believe that thinkers of today need to focus their attention to the questions of what is a just society. Rorty is a firm believer that the constitution of the United States created a new era in human history. When the first modern democracy was founded, people were considered and recognized by others as equals and were all given the same respect, laws, and possibilities of creating a life of their own. By creating a system where everyone abides by the same laws and rules, then there can be no threat of a tyrant.
Zoroastrianism had many impacts on other religions after Persia spread under the rule of Cyrus the Great and conquered the neighboring countries. At its time, Zoroastrianism was a religion popular in Iran. It was a set of beliefs centered on, Ahura Mazda, known as the creator in Zoroastrianism. Ahura Mazda represented truthfulness, and order. He was the supreme deity of Zoroaster's teachings and beliefs who prevented turmoil and conflict from dominating all that was good and preventing evil to proliferate into such a mass that it would envelop everything bringing demise to all that existed.
Both were made in the image of the gods–Gilgamesh 2/3 gods and 1/3 human obtaining beauty and strength, while Enkidu was made to be the equal of Gilgamesh. Enkidu was more rugged, strong, and lived among the wild. Their creation was for different purposes; Gilgamesh is to be a great king, while Enkidu is the one whose purpose is to defeat Gilgamesh, yet becomes Gilgamesh’s friend, comrade, and council. In addition, both can be considered protectors. As King Gilgamesh is required to protect his people and then for Enkidu he protects his family in the wild, being the protector because of attachment and emotions towards his clan.
Louis XIV personified the pure absolutist ruler at his best. He is the head of the state, the army, the religion leader and or one can say he had the power over everything. He used massive public works projects such as veterans’ hospitals and new fortified towns on the frontiers to represent his military might. He
Locke argues that all men are of the same species making them all equal and placed on the same rank. He uses this to justify why all human beings deserve to participate in government and not be ruled blindly by an absolute monarch. During this time kings were viewed as superior to other human beings; Locke argues that since we all are of the same species that their is no “superior” human being. This point then helps Locke explain why all humans deserve to take part in how they are governed. Along with his ideas of human equality and the elimination of social hierarchy, Locke also advocated man's natural right to freedom.
Orwell said humans will perpetually be at war because of a strong, centralised authority as in 'big brother is watching you'. In Hobbes' time the rulers claimed their authority to rule by virtue of divine right. God made them King and anyone who questioned the authority of the King was challenging God. Hobbes considers the nature of liberty under sovereign power and says that liberty means the ability to act according to one's will without being physically hindered from performing that act. Only chains or imprisonment can prevent one from acting, so all subjects have absolute liberty under sovereignty.