* How much language the child knows is determined by the amount and quality of language s/he is exposed to. | Similarities: * The child’s environment and their interaction with others plays a large part in language development. * Developing grammar and is seen as a part of language development. | Similarities: * Both theories are based on what the child produces – words and sounds. * Both theories explain how language is developed from birth * Grammar is included in both definitions.
Language can be defined as verbal, physical and biologically innate. Behaviourists often define language as a learning behaviour including a stimulus and response. There are varying theories on language development. Chomsky (1959) believed that children are born with specific linguistic knowledge and an inherited ability to learn any human language. He stated all children needed was a trigger to this pre-programmed ability to learn language as the brain was pre wired for language.
These students according to Piaget’s theory were at the concrete operational stage where they were in the process of becoming more logical, objective and deductive. The study undertaken for the article showed that having older children as part of the group work session benefited all children in the group. Piaget would have argued that the older students were in the early stages of the formal operational stage where the students have a greater sense of abstract thinking. As Piaget believed development was a universal process, his initial sample sizes were limited,
A) Compare and contrast any two of the methodologies that you have pursued in this phase and write a comparative essay. There are numerous approaches to early childhood education. Two perspectives, developed by Friedrich Froebel and Maria Montessori, have similarities as well as many differences. Both approaches are based on the idea that early childhood learning is holistic and intertwined with the developmental progression of the child. They are both constructivist, holding that children learn through constructing meaning with their world.
Chomsky and other nativists state that language is inbuilt into the brains of all humans in a place that Chomsky labels the LAD (Language Acquisition Device). If we agree with Chomsky's and other nativists' ideas then we must assume that the language of deaf and blind children would not differ from that of other children. However, the empiricist Sampson (2005:1) says: 'The English language, and other languages, are institutions... which individuals may learn during their lifetimes, if they happen to be born into the appropriate cultures, but to which no one is innately predisposed.' This would suggest that the language of deaf and blind children might be deviant to language of hearing and sighted children
Critically review the contribution and influence of psychological theories to early Childhood education and Care curriculum development and childcare practitioner working practices. Throughout this essay I am going to discuss the cognitive development theories of Piaget and Vygotsky. These two theorists were influential in forming a scientific approach to analysing the development process involved in cognition. Cognition is the procedure involved in thinking and mental activity, such as problem solving, memory and attention (Flanagan, 1999, p.72). Both theorists said that a child’s cognitive development took places in stages but the way in which these theorists described the way children go through these stages was completely different.
“Lev Vygotsky believed that development occurs as an ever-widening spiral; there are no stages, rather the child’s language and general development continue in interaction with the environment.” (Lecture notes slide #24) This is known as the psycho-social theory. According to Vygotsky the psycho-social theory is that knowledge is best advanced through interaction with others in cooperative activities. Interaction plays a fundamental role in cognitive development. A child will learn best through one on one interaction with his or her parents. An example of positive interaction that promotes language development is between an infant and its mother.
Erikson's approach differentiates the mastery of childhood issues from adult ones by stressing the different virtues necessary for each stage. Hope and will are the two major virtues in the early childhood stages of development, and these develop into industry and competence as the child grows. Unless basic childhood issues of trust, purpose and autonomy are mastered in the early stages of life, the proper foundation of personhood will not be laid out for the later, more complex issues of identity, vocation and fidelity. 3. For Vygotsky, the movement is from a teacher helping the child to the child helping himself.
Erikson for his theory of psychosocial development, who believed that personality develops in a series of stages. However, each author has their own view regarding the educational implication of the various processes, as well as, the role of various environmental components. The following articles (Horn 2009), will attempt to support and the educational implications of each theory. The articles highlight the major theories, research and opinions of Piaget, Vygotsky, and Erik Erikson’ on how children develop and learn. The first article by (Webb 1980) talks about Piaget belief that within each person there is an internal self-regulation mechanism that responds to environmental stimulation by constantly fitting new experiences into existing cognitive structures called schemas developmental stages in teaching.
Importance in the Brain 1 Understanding the human brain and how it develops could further our theory on how children develop. The brain is very complex and there have been multiple tests on how the brain works which would give answers to how children think, raised and developed. Knowing how long the brain takes to develop will also give a hint of reasoning on why children conduct wrong and correct decisions. Parents around the world want to raise their children in a correct manner, making the knowledge of the brain very important. If parents knew what power the brain possessed then the guidance for there child would insure simplicity with the process of development.