Fundamental concepts and overview of Object Oriented Programming.

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Object oriented programming is an evolving technology that uses “objects” which interact with each other to make more concise code, save programming time and prevent human error. You can develop Object oriented programs in any high level language such as C. However, the implementation of new languages such as C++ will use its features to their true potential. Object oriented programming has key fundamental concepts that make it work so concisely. These concepts are classes, objects, methods, inheritance, abstraction, polymorphism and encapsulation. Object-oriented programming was introduced in the 1960’s as way in which software quality could be maintained as advancing technology had forced hardware and software to become increasingly complex. Xerox PARC originally created the term ‘object-oriented programming’. They used it to determine a computer application that would use objects as the foundation for computation. (Exforsys.com, 2009) Traditionally, programming has placed an emphasis on logic and actions. Structured programming uses a top down approach, whereas object oriented programming places an emphasis on objects and information, using a bottom up approach. The idea initially, was to shift the emphasis on data, rather than processes. Programs would contain modules (objects) that were bundled with the software. These modules had their own data structure and could be directly manipulated. In the 1960’s a programming language called Simula was developed and is considered the first object-oriented programming language. Its purpose was to perform simulations and it has provided the framework for many of the features of object-oriented programming today. It was the first to introduce key concepts and fundamentals of object-oriented programming. These include classes, objects, methods, inheritance, abstraction, polymorphism and encapsulation.

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