They both studied different ideas, and preached different views about how our mind functioned. While Maslow focused on the humanistic aspect of our personality, Jung focused on the psychoanalytic aspect. However, they were both inspired by two great people. Carl Jung was deeply influenced by Sigmund Freud who happens to be the father of psychoanalysis. Though he dismissed Freudian theory that stated that human personality was defined by their sexual drive and desires, he established that we have 2 states of unconscious.
A result of breaking down each theory, one can easily observe the strengths and assets and flaws of each theory. One can see what assumptions are based on, and the boundaries of each. For example, Freud believed personality development occurs because of biological influences. On the other hand, Horney believed that cultural and social influences impart to the same effects on personality development. Freud’s theory was biased toward women because of the period in which it was developed.
More importantly, out of this theory was where Freud developed his concept of the Oedipus and Electra complexes. Originating from the Greek tragedy Oedipus Rex, these theories state that children are jealous or their same sex parent and desire to sexually be with the parent of the opposite sex. When boys discover the anatomical differences between males and females, they fear that females are castrated males and that their incestuous thoughts will cause their father to harm them (Freud, 1962). The superego intervenes and instead the boy tries to emulate his father to have a better chance of eventually winning his mother over. These complexes supposedly remain with individuals for life and one is continually trying to resolve this conflict in their adult relationships (Hall, 1954).
Carl Jung began his studies under Sigmund Freud, and was seen by many as Freud’s “son.” This of course was not true, but much of Jung’s basis for his theory of personality stands as a reflection of Freud’s work. To center Jung’s theory is his unveiling of the psyche, which serves as ones equilibrium and our everlasting strive for harmony within. This, like Freud’s theory, is sexually driven by the sexual energy, libido. The libido is ultimately what controls the future of a person through motivation; this is also known as being teleological. I enjoy reading about this theory because of the detail that encompasses the psyche.
In 1905, Sigmund Freud proposed that psychological development in childhood takes place in a series of fixed stages. These stages are called psychosexual stages because each stage represents the fixation of libido (sexual drives or instincts) on different areas of the body. As a person grows physically certain areas of their body become more important as sources of potential frustration, pleasure or both. Freud believed that life was built around tension and pleasure. Freud also believed that all tension was due to the built up of sexual energy and that all pleasure came from its discharge.
There are many times in the novel when Huxley replaces Ford with Freud, which is also a major symbolic figure. Freud’s theories go hand in hand with the novel, “from the moment of birth the infant is driven in his actions by the desire for bodily or sexual pleasures” (http://www.iep.umt.edu). Most of Freud’s experiments were directed toward how the human mind develops, and more directly how the sexual mind develops. Freud was convinced that the majority of human actions were based off of sexual desires and fantasies. Freud is well known for his theory on a mother and her son, or the Oedipus Complex.
Psychiatrist and dream researcher, J. Allan Hobson and Psychiatrist Robert McCarley have done extensive research in to their theory. They state that dreams are merely the by-product of bursts of activity emanating from sub cortical areas in the brain. J. Allan Hobson produced a theory of quantifying mental events and correlating them with quantified brain events which lead to Robert McCarley’s contribution. The two researchers drew upon a theory based on their research, namely the Activation Synthesis theory. And lastly, the two researchers’ dismissal of Sigmund Freud’s theory is examined.
There have been several sociological and criminological theories that stress that most violent criminals are impulsive and have a lack of empathy for others. Within Psychological there are several sub theories such as Behavioral Theories, Personality Theories, and Cognitive Theories just to name a few. In Volume 5, Chapter 2 of Review of the Roots of Youth Violence, it states that Sigmund Freud “thought that human behavior, including violent behavior, was the product of “unconscious” forces operating within a person’s mind. Freud also felt that early childhood experiences had a profound impact on adolescent and adult behavior” A lot of Freud’s research is what a lot of the ideas and theories we know today are based off of. Behavioral Theories Behaviorist John Watson once said "Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in and I'll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might
After the split, Jung went on to develop his own school of thought called analytical psychology. Jung’s theory differed from Sigmund Freud’s in that his theory held two levels of the unconscious. The first level is the personal unconscious. This level is made up of forgotten and repressed memories. The second level is where the difference between Freud and Jung are really evident and this level is called the collective unconscious.
He concludes that it is the fate of all of us, perhaps to direct our first sexual impulse towards our mother, and our first hated and our first murderous wish against our father. (Kramer, 2006, p. 86) Freud’s ultimate theory was that our lives are built on sex. (Kramer, 2006, p. 97) The combination of all of these thoughts, “would allow psychoanalysis to become a movement” (Kramer, 2006, p. 97). Another theory that made him famous is the Trio (Id, ego, superego). According to Robert S. Feldman “Id is the raw unorganized, inborn part of personality whose sole purpose is to reduce the tension created by primitive drive related to hunger, sex, aggression and irrational impulses”.