These numbers are found in Document 3. Many nations started to take part in the demise of the Dutch Republic. In Document 7, the Resolution of the Amsterdam City Council quotes “Not only the French monarch but other kings seem more and more to scheme how to ruin what remains of the trade and navigation of the Dutch Republic.” This shows how there were many kingdoms going after the weaknesses of the Dutch. The Treaty of Dover (Document 6) shows how increased interest in reaping benefits from the Dutch led to major alliances. The English and French created an alliance in order to defeat the Dutch in war.
The Spanish Armada The Spanish Armada sailed from Spain in July 1588. The Spanish Armada's task was to overthrow protestant England lead by Queen Elizabeth I. Spain’s king at the time was King Phillip II he wanted to overthrow Queen Elizabeth for many reasons. At the time Spain owned the Spanish Netherlands this is nowadays Holland and Belgium. The majority of Holland didn’t like being catholic and therefore wanted its independence. Many people in Holland had become secret protestants if martyrs had publicly expressed their beliefs then they would’ve been executed.
America had taken note on how two great historical powers, Carthage and Rome, tore each other to pieces instead of joining forces. They used this theory to play France against Britain. France was angry after the Seven Years War, where they were made ultimate losers while the British were the winners. The French wanted to gain revenge over for British, so once the Americans defeated the British at Saratoga, the French joined the American alliance. France was now able to defeat the British and the Americans got their freedom with some French assistance.
On the 11th June 1534, Thomas Fitzgerald, also known as the vice-deputy of Ireland, renounced his alliance to Henry VIII. This sparked a key rebellion of which would change the stability in Ireland for years to come. The Act of Supremacy in 1534, can also back up the point of the Kildare rebellion. In 1534, Henry was beginning to change the religion in England for the better of his future heir, Edward VI. England was a Catholic country, and so Ireland followed in its footsteps and was also a devoted Catholic country.
In Piedmont, King Victor Emmanuel I returned and took on a reactionary policy; he even went as far as destroying roads and gaslights that Napoleon had put in place- he was very much regressive. This was similar to the situation in Naples and Sicily, as King Ferdinand restricted his people and slowly made the state more and more under developed as public work was stopped. In 1820, news of the Spanish revolution encouraged the people to take action in Naples. King Victor fled the country when some of the army took sides with the rebels such as General Pepe. A new government was then appointed and it seemed that the revolution was a success Over in Sicily, prisoners were released and offices were burned as there was a demand for constitution- finally the revolutionaries sent the Neapolitan governor home and took over the city.
Due to the very young age of Edward when he became King, he was helped by a Regency Council led by Somerset who was the King’s uncle and who became Lord Protector. One problem that had to be faced was to decide whether England would remain essentially a Catholic country or become more Protestant. Somerset and some of the council members were in favour of moderate reforms while surprisingly due to his age Edward VI wanted to introduce more radical changes. However, there were politicians such as the Duke of Norfolk and the Bishop Gardiner who wanted no changes implemented at all. The influence of Somerset came to an end in 1550, having been overthrown due to the rebellions in the West and in Norfolk which had led to unemployment discontent amongst the people and high prices for food stuffs.
Catherine's nephew the Holy Roman Emperor had sacked Rome and the Pope was a virtual prisoner. Henry saw that if he made himself Head of the English Church he could grant himself a divorce, remove the power of Rome from his Kingdom and allow himself access to the great wealth of the Church. This is precisely what Henry did. He passed the ACT of SUPREMACY, which said that he was the Supreme Head of the Church of England. In 1533 he married Ann and divorced Catherine.
This was the final straw for the colonists who were already grumbling and ready to protest the taxes they were paying already. Also, these taxes were forced on the people without their consent. Today we send people to congress to vote on whether a tax is needed or wanted. This was the act that tipped the balance over in deciding to go to war for independence. April 5, 1764: The Sugar Act: The Molasses Act of 1733 placed a high tariff on sugar.
Spain had already defeated France when England captured St Quentin and the war soon led to England losing its last foothold in Europe - Calais. St Quentin was handed straight over to Spain, confirming the Privy Council’s fears that England would become a pawn to Spain, and that the alliance would have no benefit to England. Further evidence of this includes when Mary died,
This revolution, also known as the glorious revolution, involved James II becoming King after the death of his brother, Charles II. The people of this period were against James becoming king because of his religion of being a Roman Catholic. During that time, it was thought that Roman Catholics caused horrific disasters to London. Later, when political power was given to his daughter Mary, who was married to Dutch William of Orange, James fled the country. After this occurrence, Protestant rule was restored.