How would the breakdown of the membranes of these structures affect the function of Joseph’s heart cells? His heart cells would start spilling enzymes normally kept within the cell membranes. D. Two important pieces of information- the instructions Joseph’s body needs to repair itself and his predisposition for vascular disease- are both within the cell on which structure? Mitochondrial DNA is the predisposition for a family history of heart disease, genetics. RNA will help repair the cells.
Hsc L3 Unit 4222-365 Dementia UNIT 4222-365 UNDERSTAND THE PROCESS AND EXPERIENCE OF DEMENTIA OUTCOME 1 1.1 The brain is a very complex organ and is divided up into different areas that control bodily functions. In dementia, some of the cells stop working. The part of the brain this occurs in will affect how that person thinks, remembers and communicates. Alzheimer’s disease; is a physical disease affecting the brain. During the course of the disease, protein develops in the structure of the brain leading to the death of brain cells.
Dementia with Lewy Bodies can be closely related to Parkinsons Disease and there is a theory that Dementia with Lewy Bodies interferes with two neurotransmitters called dopamine and acetylcholine which assist in the brains functions. In Frontotemporal dementia – Picks Disease, the brain shrinks in the frontal and temporal lobes and a build of specific protein’s occur in these areas. Once the proteins come together, they become toxic and cause brain cells to die. It is not understood why these proteins build up. There are other dementia types too, namely Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) caused by an abnormal infectious protein call Prion which cause nerve damage to
Without these enzymes, our bodies cannot breakdown fructose into usable energy. A deficiency in aldolase B can be responsible for hereditary fructose intolerance by not allowing the second step of the process to happen. Hereditary fructose intolerance is a hereditary disorder caused by a genetic mutation. Because the enzyme adolase B is not functioning, the fructose 1 phosphate builds up in the liver and causes sequestration of F1P. This will lead to degradation of adenine nucleotides.
Carbon dioxide is produced as a byproduct which is a waste that requires to be excreted. Active transport requires cellular energy in the form of ATP (primary), and energy stored (secondary). Eventually the cells begin to die and the active transport pumps shut down the plasma membranes of Joseph’s heart. Question C: Which intracellular organelles have membranes as part of their structure? How would the breakdown of the membranes of these structures affect the function of Joseph’s heart cells?
These mistakes result in mutation leading to loss or inappropriate expression of affected genes. Studies indicate that genetic alterations in the P53 tumor suppressor gene play an important role in the development of skin cancer. The p53 gene is also involved in apoptosis (programmed cell death), and it has been proposed that p53 serves as a “guardian of the genome” by aiding in DNA repair or by going through apoptosis to elimated cells with excessive DNA damage. Unrepaired damage in the p53 gene are transformed into mutations thereby initiating the process of carcinogenesis. Following repeated exposures to UV, keratinocytes (sunburn cells) carrying
• If the protein doesn't fold properly or if it misfolds, the process results in disease. The misfolding of the protein PrPC turns to a harmful PrPSc. • PrPSc is hydrophobic and needs other cells so it changes other PrPC’s into PrPSc. • Eventually all of the PrPC’s are changed to PrPSc’s and aggregate together in the cell and ultimately kill the cell. • This cell death is what gives tissue the spongy like appearance known as BSE.
Queston D: Two important pieces of information-the instructions of Joseph’s body needs to repair itself and his predisposition for vascular disease- are both contained within the cell on which structures? His predisposition for vascular disease is held in the Mitochondria DNA. The information that is needed to repair itself is held in the DNA, but is mainly held in the messenger RNA, which directs the synthesis of specific proteins that can help repair the body. Qeustion E: Joseph’s heart attack has caused the function of his cells to change. What types of proteins in the cell membrane were involved in the homeostatic imbalances of his heart cells?
9/24/14 Sean Howard Ap Pysch Current Event The article that I chose for the current event is about Alzheimer’s disease and how it sets in and what it does in the body. Alzheimer’s disease is a disease that damages and affects the neurons that lead up into the hippocampus and other parts of the brain. Alzheimer’s has two main causes; the first one is where twisted nerve cell fibers slow down the message from the neurons to parts of the brain. The other cause of Alzheimer’s is where a sticky protein forms on the neurons and stops the flow of the message. This prohibits the neurons message from getting passed on, eventually stopping the hippocampus and memory parts of the brain because they are not receiving any signals.
The plaque and tangles are believed to be the cause of Alzheimer’s disease. Plaque is made up of Beta-Amyloid, which clump together and surround nerve cells in the brain. Tangles destroy essential transport systems in the brain. As Alzheimer’s progresses, the brain dies, impairing the patient’s ability to care for