Chaitén, Chile 2008 Chaitén is a small volcano located on the flank of the Michinmahuida volcano in southern Chile. It is located on the West coast of South America approximately 150km east of the Peru Chile Trench. At this margin, clearly marked on the map and cross section opposite, there is oceanic to continental convergence. This is a destructive margin, where the denser Nazca plate is subducted beneath the less dense continental lithosphere of the South American plate. As the plate descends it causes earthquakes in the Benioff zone, and volcanoes occur here because of melting of the plate in the asthenosphere.
He believed that all of the continents were once joined together, forming a super-continent called Pangaea. These plates are thought to float on the underlying semi-molten asthenosphere and are moved by convection currents that derive their heat from the earth's crust. It states that this process isi continous and forms new land along the boundaries where the plates move apart - known as constructive margins - and destroys older crust where the plates are moving together - destructive margins. Later evidence also supported this theory - fossilised remains of a dinosaur, the mesosaurus, were discovered on the coasts of Brazil and Gabon. Wegeners ideas were proved even further, increasing our knowledge of tectonic events.
These include.... * The eruption had left destruction in its wake, it created a ‘Pyroclastic Flow’ or ‘Nuée ardente’ (Glowing Cloud). This is a cloud of volcanic debris, made up of solid, semi solid and hot, expanding gases. The cloud behaves like a liquid, flowing down the slope of the volcano. It can reach up to and above 100Km/h and so destroys everything in its path. The pyroclastic flow from Mt.
Lake Nyos is a crater lake located in northwestern Cameroon, about 315 kilometers from Yaoundé, Cameroon’s capital city. Lake Nyos, which is over 200 meters deep and occupies an area of about 1.5 square kilometers, is situated within the Oku Volcanic Field, a group of volcanoes on the Cameroon Volcanic Line. On August 21, 1986 a disaster struck the villages of Nyos, Kam, Cha, and Subum. Almost 1,700 people, along with thousands of cattle and virtually all wildlife, were found dead, with no obvious cause of death. Scientists from around the world flocked to the valley villages to uncover the mystery behind the massive loss of life, both human and other.
eruption of Vesuvius is the large number of holes found in the volcanic deposits around Pompeii that represented corpses of people and animals that were buried by the hot ash. Giuseppi Fiorelli developed the use of plaster casts to recreate the forms of plants, animals and human bodies.' The process is now named after him: the Fiorelli process. He realised that where a corpse had been buried in ash, it had rotted over time and a cavity remained. Whenever an excavator discovered a cavity, plaster of Paris was poured in and left to harden.
It saddens me today that I have to gather you here with news of this magnitude. Today one of our copper mines collapsed with thirty-three men getting trapped 2,000 feet below ground. At this time we are not sure of the condition of the men, but rest a sure that we are making every attempt into located them and bringing them home to safety. Let me inform you that the mines can be very dangerous and before we start the rescue we want to ensure that they are out of harm’s way. Once we have this information we can begin with the rescue.
From in the air you can see roads under the water that lead to a spot that is covered in old volcanic ash. Scrapings from the ash tell us that the volcano erupted the same time Atlantis was supposed to have existed. They have also found many artifacts in this area. I think the most famous theory of where and how Atlantis was
Research into the theory of plate tectonics first began around 1920. This research was spearheaded by Alfred Wegner, a German meteorologist and geophysicist. His work presented the theory that today’s continents once were joined as one to form a huge supercontinent commonly referred to as Pangaea today. Wegner’s theory stated that the super continent broke up and the pieces (today’s continents) drifted over time into their current positions, he called this “Continental Drift”. Wegener's theory also provided an alternate explanation for the formation of mountains (orogenesis).
(Some geologists argue that this portion of the Eurasian Plate is actually a fragment of the North American Plate called the Okhotsk microplate.) A part of the subduction zone measuring approximately 190 miles (300 km) long by 95 miles (150 km) wide lurched as much as 164 feet (50 metres) to the east-southeast and thrust upward about 33 feet (10 metres). (“Japan Earthquake and Tsunami of 2011, 1”) A series of extremely destructive tsunami waves followed the 9.0 earthquake along with the dozens of foreshocks and aftershocks that came with it. The city of Sendai, its surrounding area and airport were pounded by a wave
The December 26, 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was caused by an earthquake that is thought to have had the energy of 23,000 Hiroshima-type atomic bombs. The epicenter of the 9.0 magnitude quake was under the Indian Ocean near the west coast of the Indonesian island of Sumatra. The violent movement of sections of the Earth’s crusts known as tectonic plates displaced an enormous amount of water, sending powerful shock waves in every direction. The tectonic plates in this area had been pushing against each other, building pressure for thousands of years – they continue to do so and will likely cause underwater earthquakes and tsunamis in the future. The shifting of the earth’s plates in the Indian Ocean on Dec. 26, 2004 caused a rupture more than 600 miles long, displacing the seafloor above the rupture by perhaps 10 yards horizontally and several yards vertically.