Emma Yates UNIT 39: From Crime Scene to Court It is the job of the FSI to find and collect evidence left behind by offenders on the crime scene. Using the latest forensic techniques they look for all sorts of evidence. The FSIs follow several procedures. To stop potential evidence being destroyed, lost or contaminated they preserve and protect the crime scene. FSIs then start to work with the investigating officers.
However the term is now so closely associated with the scientific field that many dictionaries include the meaning that equates the word "forensics" with "forensic science". Forensic science is not just what you see on television shows like CSI but rather the use of actual science to help determine the answer to varied legal questions. There are many different types of forensic disciplines that are used to help police and other officials answer these questions. These include criminalistics, forensic psychology, forensic pathology and others. Criminalistics is the science used to help understand the evidence in crimes.
Traditional methods for obtaining fingerprints, which involve powders, liquids or vapors, can destroy the print for further analysis. A new technique called the MXRF, uses X-rays to detect salts from a person's sweat. If there are enough of these salty residues, a fingerprint can be identified without altering the sample. The alternative could prove advantageous in taking prints from certain difficult substances, like paper, wood, leather, plastic, and even human skin. It may also be useful in obtaining fingerprints from children, who have less oil on their skin.
Phase 1 Individual Project CJUS450-1304B-01 Forensic Criminology November 23, 2013 When it comes to mapping out a crime scene there are many different techniques that the investigators use to work a scene. The types of mapping they use are the following: Baseline mapping, rectangular coordinate mapping and triangular mapping and polar/grid mapping. Three of the four are used for mainly interior scenes and polar/grid is mainly used for exterior settings. The first mapping I will talk about is Baseline mapping. “This is the most basic and least accurate form of crime scene mapping.
field note slide 1. . Each crime scene is different and may require a different approach to processing the scene. However there is a basic crime scene protocol that should be adhered to in all crime scenes. These basic functions or tasks are as follows: Interview is the first step in processing a crime scene. The crime scene technician must interview the first officer at the scene or the victim to ascertain the "theory" of the case.
Though a few global features might be at times identical in case of multiple individuals, the local features or Minutia Points are always absolutely unique and always different from every other individual. Global Features Pattern Area: It is that portion of the fingerprint, which consists of all the global features. It is possible to read the fingerprints and classify them in the basis of the information available from the Pattern Area. Core Point: it is located almost at the center of the finger impression, and is mainly used as a point of reference for the purpose of reading and classification of the print. Type Links: These are the pair of innermost ridges, which run parallel or diverge, and surround or almost surround the entire pattern area.
“Science, which gives its evidence impartially, is more closely allied to the truth than anything else.” (Lord Aitkin at the opening of the first forensic science lab in the UK in 1935). Discuss this quotation with particular reference to criminal cases in which forensic science played a crucial role in indicating the offender. Dr Edmund Locard of the University of Lyons, trained in both medicine and law, states in his now famous theory of interchange, that “every contact leaves a trace”. This, today forms the basis of the use of Forensic Science in criminal investigation. Such evidence is given primary status in many, if not all, criminal trials today ranging from crimes of murder to mere vandalism.
When responding to any type of crime scene it is important to remember that anything seen on the way to the known scene as well as on site can possibly be evidence that you will be using later. However when dealing with crimes that are done on computers it takes a certain type of skill to insure that all the possible evidence is gathered correctly so it is acceptable for a court room. In this we will describe the process of computer forensics as it pertains to the collection of computer evidence. Also the type of training required of investigators before they are proficient at the process. There are also specific photographs that need to be taken at the crime scene to ensure a couple different things.
Once the behavioral profile is done, the profiler can then compare this to other criminals or mental patients with the same basic characteristics. It is generally very difficult to get professional hands-on experience on how to be a profiler. Police have been able to catch a wide array of people using profilers, including serial killers. Once criminals have been taken into custody, profilers can learn even more about the criminal mind and can find possible motives, verify motives, and/or assess the defendant's state of mind. The police psychologist does more hands-on work with officers and victims as opposed to criminals.
Tyre arrives in the Retreading Center, it is cleaned carefully with water so, that dirt, dust and mud should all be removed successfully. b. Tyre is left for some time so that it may waterless or a drying device can be used for this purpose. c. Initial examination is carried out to verify that casing is acceptable for retreading process or not. It is systematically examine inside and outside and marked with yellow colored chalk. d. Buffing: - The principal objective of buffing is to prepare the worn out tread surface of tyre to accept a retread.